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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	1 556 129	1 647 598	2 137 939^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	0.7	-5.1	3.4^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	43 549.9	43 485.2	55 596.8^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	2	2	2^b
Economy: Industry^g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	25.8	25.3	25.3^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g,i (% of GVA)	72.1	72.6	72.7^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	1.6	1.6	1.3^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	19.9	19.3	19.2^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	78.4	79.2	79.6^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	7	9.7	6^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	61.2 / 70.6	59.5 / 68.6	61.4 / 69.9^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index^k (2010=100)	109	118	135^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	113	112^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	408 697	388 173	566 655^e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	419 375	405 205	558 455^e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 10 677	- 17 032	8 199^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 54 696	- 33 287	- 13 255^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	0.9	0.8	1^a
Urban population (% of total population)	81.3	81.5^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	1.1^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.6	1.4	1.3^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	83.9 / 79.8	83.9 / 79.4	84.9 / 80.5^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	16.2 / 22.3	15.9 / 24.7	15.1 / 26.6^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	7 428.7 / 20.6	8 049.3 / 21.3	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	155.8ⁿ	209.4	322.8^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	5.3	5.1	4.7^a
Health: Current expenditure^o,p (% of GDP)	10.7	13	11.2^b
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	...	2.4	2.5^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4.7	4.8^d	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.5 / 100.1	97.2 / 98.2	95.9 / 96.7^q
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.4 / 101.1	105.0 / 105.5	103.4 / 104.4^q
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	123.5 / 121.4	115.3 / 114.6	115.1 / 114.7^q
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.7	2	2.3^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	25.2	29^r	30.6^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	90^j	92.3^s	94^s,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1.7	1.9	1.6^t,b
Threatened species (number)	97	173	165^e
Forested area (% of land area)	38.7	38.7	39.5^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	523.1 / 14.6	528.0 / 13.9	541.7 / 14.2^q
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	19 688	21 718	22 562^q
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	322	313	318^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^u (000)	17 977	2 960	12 824^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	25.3	29.9	31.5^e
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	82.7 / 82.0	84.1 / 83.6	84.0 / 83.5^b
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^v (% of GNI)	0.24	0.17	1.31^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Refers to the Census Metropolitan Area.
d		2019
e		2023
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
i		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Data as at the end of December.
o		Data are based on SHA2011.
p		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
q		2021
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
s		Population aged 15 years and over.
t		Provisional data.
u		Data based on customs counts and adjusted using questionnaire surveys.
v		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).