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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	56 455	61 372	72 874^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-3.8	-0.7	-4.7^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	5 819.7	6 370.5	7 642.8^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	7.2	8.1	8.6^b
Economy: Industry^g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	37.7	35.9	37.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g,i (% of GVA)	55.1	56.1	54.1^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	10.2	10.9	10.6^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	31.6	30.6	30.4^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	58.1	58.5	59^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	5.9^j	4	3.4^j
Labour force participation rate^j (female/male pop. %)	59.3 / 71.2	59.1 / 71.5	58.9 / 71.2
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	387	536	710^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	105	103^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	26 660	29 179	26 521^j,e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	30 291	32 767	59 713^j,e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 3 631	- 3 588	- 33 192^j,e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 1 831	-178	- 1 020^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	0.2	-1.1	-0.6^a
Urban population (% of total population)	77.2	79^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	0.7^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.7	1.4	1.2^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	78.8 / 68.5	77.4 / 67.1	79.2 / 69.7^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	16.2 / 20.4	17.0 / 22.9	16.3 / 25.0^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	1 082.9 / 11.5	1 067.1 / 11.3	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	7.9	9.2	37.5^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	4.1	2.9	3.1^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	6.1	6.4	6.6ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	5.1	4.5	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4.8	4.9	4.7ⁿ
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	95.3 / 96.8	93.5 / 95.3	92.9 / 96.5^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	93.2 / 95.0	92.4 / 93.9	91.6 / 94.8^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	103.0 / 108.9	96.6 / 103.4	95.3 / 101.1^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	3.4	2.3^d	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	27.3	40^o	40^o

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^p,q (per 100 inhabitants)	67.3	85.1	89.5^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.5^r	0.5	0.5^b
Threatened species (number)	21	30	33^e
Forested area (% of land area)	42.5	43.2	43.3ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	53.4 / 5.5	53.2 / 5.5	55.0 / 5.7ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	163	187	253ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	110	109	119ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	4 386^s	3 598^t	4 920^t,b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	87.9	87.9	87.9^e
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	81.5 / 55.5	81.6 / 49.7	81.5 / 48.7^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.19	0.56	0.21ⁿ

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Including communities under the authority of the Town Council.
d		2019
e		2023
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
i		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Areas not elsewhere specified.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		2021
o		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
p		Users in the last 12 months.
q		Population aged 6 to 72 years.
r		Data have been converted from the former national currency using the appropriate conversion rate.
s		Excludes the Belarusian-Russian border segment.
t		Includes estimation of the Belarusian-Russian border segment.