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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	12 930	12 006	16 682^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-0.4	1.1	-1.6^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	30 681.5	27 179.3	37 152.5^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	1.1	1.2	1.1^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	60.2	58.1	66.9^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,h (% of GVA)	38.7	40.7	32^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	1.4	1.3	1.4^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	16.7	23.7	24.2^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	82	74.9	74.4^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	7.7ⁱ	7.4	4.4ⁱ
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	56.3 / 71.1	54.6 / 72.1	55.3 / 72.3
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	101	107^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	97	108	119^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	6 353	6 608	11 241^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	3 229	5 343	7 484^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	3 124	1 266	3 756^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	2 157	514	3 264^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.3	1	0.8^a
Urban population (% of total population)	76.7	77.9^j	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	1.9^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.9	1.8	1.7^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	77.1 / 72.9	77.3 / 73.1	77.7 / 73.5^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	23.6 / 7.0	21.6 / 9.2	20.8 / 10.9^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	102.7 / 24.8	112.0 / 25.6	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	20.5	20.9	20.9^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	9.9	9.8	9.3^a
Health: Current expenditure^m (% of GDP)	2.4	2.4	2.2^i,n
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.8	1.8^c	1.9ⁿ
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.4^o	4.4^p	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.5 / 101.8	98.0 / 97.1	... / ...
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.9 / 103.1	100.6 / 100.1	... / ...
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	108.7 / 110.5	86.0 / 81.9	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.5^q	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments^r (%)	...	9.1	11.8

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	71.2ⁱ	95.1^i,s	99^s,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	0.3^t,u,c	...
Threatened species (number)	189	275	401^d
Forested area (% of land area)	72.1	72.1	72.1ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	5.8 / 13.9	10.1 / 22.8	10.7 / 24.1ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	673	604	564ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	270	371	377ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^v (000)	218	62	4ⁿ
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	41.7	41.7	41.7^d

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2018
d		2023
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		2019
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 April.
n		2021
o		2014
p		2016
q		2013
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
s		Population aged 15 years and over.
t		Break in the time series.
u		Higher Education only.
v		Arrivals by air.