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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	25 713	31 126	38 574^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.3	2.9	1.8^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	20 722.1	22 688.9	23 504.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	0.3	0.3	0.3^b
Economy: Industry^e (% of Gross Value Added)	45.5	40.7	41.5^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e (% of GVA)	54.2	59	58.1^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	1.1	1.1	1^f,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	35.7	35.2	35.1^f,d
Employment in services (% employed)	63.2	63.8	64^f,d
Unemployment^f (% of labour force)	1.1	1.1	0.8^d
Labour force participation rate^f (female/male pop. %)	43.8 / 87.4	43.8 / 87.0	45.0 / 87.2^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index^g (2010=100)	100	111	116^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	32	104	129^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	16 059	13 882	14 066^f,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	16 002	16 390	14 193^f,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	58	- 2 508	-127^f,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	770	-752	- 2 435^h

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^j (average annual %)	6.7	2	4.3^d
Urban population (% of total population)	88.6	89	89.4^b
Urban population growth rate^j (average annual %)	6.7	2.1	...
Fertility rate, total^j (live births per woman)	2.2	2.1	2^d
Life expectancy at birth^j (females/males, years)	76.7 / 74.9	77.5 / 75.6	78.2 / 76.2^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	20.3 / 3.5	20.8 / 4.1	18.0 / 5.7^a
International migrant stock^k,l (000/% of total pop.)	666.4 / 53.7	722.5 / 52.7	936.1 / 55.0^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	0.2^m	0.4	0.3^d
Infant mortality rate^j (per 1 000 live births)	7.9	6.9	6^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	3.8	5	4.1^h
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.9	0.9	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	2.5ⁿ	2.7	2.3^o
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.0 / 96.1^p	101.7 / 100.7	97.7 / 98.3^b
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	93.5 / 92.2	101.8 / 102.5	101.5 / 93.2^b
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	92.9 / 88.5	104.2 / 101.5	101.9 / 90.9^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.9	0.5^q	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	2.5	7.5	15^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	55	93.5	99.7^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	0.1^q	...
Threatened species (number)	32	32	53
Forested area^f (% of land area)	0.7	0.8	0.8^h
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	25.6 / 20.6	30.1 / 21.9	30.2 / 19.2^h
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	849	957	946^f,h
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	413	421	371^h
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^s (000)	11 952	9 670^t	11 061^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	0	0	0^d

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Refers to the urban area of the municipality of Al-Manamah.
d		2020
e		At producers' prices.
f		Estimate.
g		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
h		2018
i		Areas not elsewhere specified.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Including refugees.
l		Refers to foreign citizens.
m		Data as at the end of December.
n		2008
o		2017
p		2006
q		2014
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
s		Excluding nationals residing abroad.
t		Break in the time series.