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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	31 051	34 622	44 383^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.5	-4.6	4.8^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	22 795.4	23 433.5	30 146.5^b
Economy: Agriculture^f (% of Gross Value Added)	0.3	0.3	0.3^b
Economy: Industry^f (% of Gross Value Added)	40.7	41.1	43.5^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f (% of GVA)	59	58.6	56.2^b
Employment in agriculture^g (% of employed)	1.1	0.9	0.9^b
Employment in industry^g (% of employed)	35.2	34.9	34.8^b
Employment in services^g (% employed)	63.8	64.2	64.3^b
Unemployment^g (% of labour force)	1.2	1.8	1.3
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	43.0 / 86.2	43.5 / 86.2^g	44.3 / 87.1^g
CPI: Consumer Price Index^h (2010=100)	111	116	120^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	125	129^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	13 882	11 559	19 475^g,e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	16 390	15 458	15 364^g,e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 2 508	- 3 899	4 110^g,e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-752	- 3 245	2 699^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	4	0.7	2.4^a
Urban population (% of total population)	89	89.4^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.1^j	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.1	1.9	1.8^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	81.3 / 79.5	81.0 / 77.2	82.1 / 80.9^a
Population age distribution^k (0-14/60+ years old, %)	20.5 / 4.7	19.9 / 5.9	18.7 / 6.7^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	722.5 / 52.7^l,m	936.1 / 55.0^l,m	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	0.4	0.3	0.4^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	7.6	9.1	6.2^a
Health: Current expenditure^o (% of GDP)	5ⁿ	4.7^g	4.3^g,p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.9	0.8^q	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	2.7	2.3^r	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.9 / 101.6	98.6 / 97.4^d	92.7 / 92.0^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.9 / 102.5	100.2 / 100.5^d	98.5 / 98.6^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	103.5 / 96.5	102.3 / 101.3^d	104.7 / 113.4^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.2	0	0.1^p
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	7.5	15^s	20^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	93.5	99.7^t	100^t,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.1^u	...	...
Threatened species (number)	32	47	67^e
Forested area (% of land area)	0.8^g	0.9^g	0.9^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	29.1 / 21.4	33.7 / 22.8	32.3 / 22.1^p
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	957	1 045	1 024^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	424	451	444^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^w (000)	9 670^v	1 909^v	9 949^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	0	0	0^e

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Refers to the urban area of the municipality of Al-Manamah.
d		2019
e		2023
f		At producers' prices.
g		Estimate.
h		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
i		Areas not elsewhere specified.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
l		Including refugees.
m		Refers to foreign citizens.
n		Data are based on SHA2011.
o		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
p		2021
q		2016
r		2017
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		Population aged 15 years and over.
u		2014
v		Break in the time series.
w		Excluding nationals residing abroad.