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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	228 785	373 562	422 431^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	8.5	3.4	5.8^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 435.0	2 246.0	2 464.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^f (% of Gross Value Added)	14.7	12.4^g	11.4^g,b
Economy: Industry^f (% of Gross Value Added)	31.1	34.1^h	35.8^h,b
Economy: Services and other activity^f (% of GVA)	54.3	53.4ⁱ	52.9^i,b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	43.5	38	35.3^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	20.5	20.5	20.9^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	36	41.5	43.8^b
Unemployment^j (% of labour force)	4.4	5.4	5
Labour force participation rate^j (female/male pop. %)	33.5 / 80.7	40.4 / 80.6	44.5 / 80.8
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	145^k	190^k	126^l,e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	116	130^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	31 734	29 924^j	41 371^j,e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	48 059	45 858^j	63 033^j,e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 16 325	- 15 934^j	- 21 663^j,e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	2 580	1 193	1 870^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	0.9	0.8	1.2^a
Urban population (% of total population)	34.3	37.4^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	3.5^m	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.2	2.2	2.1^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	72.6 / 68.7	73.4 / 69.6	76.9 / 73.6^a
Population age distributionⁿ (0-14/60+ years old, %)	31.2 / 7.6	29.3 / 8.8	27.6 / 9.7^a
International migrant stock^o (000/% of total pop.)	1 422.2 / 0.9	2 115.4 / 1.3	2 906.3 / 1.7^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	233	860.5	984.7^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	38.7	31.3	20^a
Health: Current expenditure^p (% of GDP)	2.3	2.3	2.4^j,q
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.5	0.7	0.7^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	97.3 / 92.3^r	116.7 / 103.9	109.4 / 97.3^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	85.2 / 69.1	89.5 / 69.4	87.7 / 64.8^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	45.1 / 46.5	57.9 / 55.8	60.3 / 57.7^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2.5	2.3^s	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	20	20.9^t	20.9^t,e

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	12.9^j	36.1^j,u	44.5^u,b
Threatened species (number)	137	165	255^e
Forested area (% of land area)	14.5	14.5	14.5^q
CO2 emission estimates^v (million tons/tons per capita)	74.8 / 0.5	93.8 / 0.6	99.6 / 0.6^q
Energy production, primary^v (Petajoules)	1 508	1 498	1 487^q
Energy supply per capita^v (Gigajoules)	12	13	13^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	126	182	135^w
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	36.9	37.5	37.5^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	47.1 / 61.3	53.0 / 62.2	54.2 / 62.4^q
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	27.3 / 20.3	28.2 / 29.5	28.8 / 32.4^q
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	1.25	1.38	1.25^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		Mega city.
d		2019
e		2024
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
h		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
i		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
l		Base: 2021-2022 = 100
m		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
n		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
o		Including refugees.
p		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.
q		2022
r		2010
s		2018
t		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
u		Population aged 5 years and over.
v		Data refer to fiscal years ending 30 June.
w		2021