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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	228 785	373 446	432 677^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	8.5	3.4	7.1^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 449.6	2 230.6	2 527.5^b
Economy: Agriculture^f (% of Gross Value Added)	14.7	12.4^g	11.7^g,b
Economy: Industry^f (% of Gross Value Added)	31.1	34.1^h	35.2^h,b
Economy: Services and other activity^f (% of GVA)	54.3	53.4ⁱ	53^i,b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	43.5	38.1	36.9^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	20.5	21.4	21.9^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	36	40.5	41.3^b
Unemployment^j (% of labour force)	4.4	5.3	4.2
Labour force participation rate^j (female/male pop. %)	32.8 / 80.4	36.6 / 80.3	36.9 / 79.9
CPI: Consumer Price Index^k (2010=100)	145	190	216^b
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	116	125^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	31 734	29 924^j	38 769^j,e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	48 059	45 858^j	61 598^j,e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 16 325	- 15 934^j	- 22 829^j,e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	2 580	1 193	4 388^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	0.9	0.8	1.2^a
Urban population (% of total population)	34.3	37.4^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	3.5^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.2	2.2	2.1^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	72.6 / 68.7	73.4 / 69.6	76.7 / 73.3^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	31.2 / 7.6	29.3 / 8.8	28.0 / 9.5^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	1 422.2 / 0.9ⁿ	2 115.4 / 1.3ⁿ	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	233	860.5	961.8^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	38.7	31.3	21^a
Health: Current expenditure^o (% of GDP)	2.3	2.3	2.4^j,p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.5	0.7	0.7^p
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	1.9	1.8	1.8^p
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.4 / 97.2^q	123.3 / 113.8	123.1 / 112.4^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	89.1 / 72.3	94.6 / 73.8	95.5 / 75.9^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	47.0 / 48.4	61.1 / 55.5	64.6 / 59.9^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2.6	2.3^r	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	20	20.9^s	20.9^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	12.9^j	36.1^j,t	44.5^t,e
Threatened species (number)	137	165	243^e
Forested area (% of land area)	14.5	14.5	14.5^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	74.8 / 0.5	93.5 / 0.6	105.3 / 0.6^p
Energy production, primary^u (Petajoules)	1 475	1 453	1 455^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	12	13	13^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	126	182	135^p
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	41.5	42.1	42.1^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	47.1 / 61.3	53.0 / 62.2	54.2 / 62.4^b
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	27.3 / 20.3	28.2 / 29.5	28.8 / 32.4^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	1.25	1.38	1.16^p

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Mega city.
d		2019
e		2023
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
h		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
i		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees.
o		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.
p		2021
q		2010
r		2018
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		Population aged 5 years and over.
u		Data refer to fiscal years ending 30 June.