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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	4 530	4 715	5 209^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-2.3	2.4	-0.1^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	16 056.2	16 525.1	18 149.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	1.5	1.5	1.5^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	15.8	15.4	15.1^b
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	82.7	83.1	83.4^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	2.8	2.9	2.6^i,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	18.8	19.4	18.9^i,d
Employment in services (% employed)	78.4	77.8	78.5^i,d
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	10.7	11.4	10.9^d
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	62.9 / 72.4	61.6 / 69.5	61.4 / 68.7^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index^k (2010=100)	100^j	168^l	181^l,m,d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	107	102	106^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	314	483	345^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	1 196	1 618	1 501^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	-883	- 1 135	- 1 156^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-272	-99	-453ⁿ

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^p (average annual %)	0.4	0.2	0.1^d
Urban population (% of total population)	31.9	31.2	31.2^b
Urban population growth rate^p (average annual %)	-0.2	-0.1	...
Fertility rate, total^p (live births per woman)	1.8	1.6	1.6^d
Life expectancy at birth^p (females/males, years)	79.6 / 76.5	80.0 / 77.1	80.4 / 77.6^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	19.7 / 18.1	18.3 / 20.3	16.6 / 23.7^a
International migrant stock^q (000/% of total pop.)	32.8 / 11.6	34.5 / 12.1	34.9 / 12.1^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	...	~0.0	~0.0^d
Infant mortality rate^p (per 1 000 live births)	12.6	11.5	10^d
Health: Current expenditureⁱ (% of GDP)	6.8	6.8	6.6^c
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.8^r	...	2.5^s
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	6.1	6.1^t	3.2^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.4 / 98.8ⁱ	95.6 / 96.2	98.2 / 102.5^b
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.1 / 101.7ⁱ	109.5 / 105.7	104.9 / 100.6^b
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	109.4 / 101.7ⁱ	113.5 / 107.8	110.6 / 102.0^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	11	10.9	9.8^c
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	10	16.7	20^u

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internetⁱ (per 100 inhabitants)	65.1	76.1	81.8^s
Threatened species (number)	36	51	74
Forested area (% of land area)	14.7	14.7	14.7^c
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	4	3	3^c
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	71	59	59^c
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	532	592	680^c
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.35	...	...

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2018
d		2020
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Excludes publishing activities.
g		Includes irrigation canals.
h		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Data refer to the Retail Price Index.
l		Index base: July 2001=100.
m		Average for 11 months excluding data for April.
n		2016
o		Areas not elsewhere specified.
p		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
q		Including refugees.
r		2005
s		2017
t		2014
u		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.