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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	1 246 299	1 437 563	1 776 577^d
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.8	2.1	3^d
GDP per capita (current US$)	52 321.0	56 001.6	67 866.8^d
Economy: Agriculture^h,i (% of Gross Value Added)	2.6	2.5	2.5^d
Economy: Industry^h,j (% of Gross Value Added)	24	27.2	29.1^d
Economy: Services and other activity^h,k (% of GVA)	73.4	70.3	68.3^d
Employment in agriculture^l (% of employed)	2.6	2.8	2.2^d
Employment in industry^l (% of employed)	20.1	19.2	18.6^d
Employment in services^l (% employed)	77.3	78	79.2^d
Unemployment (% of labour force)	6.1	6.5	3.8^l
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	59.1 / 71.1	60.2 / 70.0	61.3 / 71.4^l
CPI: Consumer Price Index^m,n (2010=100)	112	121	140^g
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	84	114^d
International trade: exports (million current US$)	187 792	247 159	369 235^g
International trade: imports (million current US$)	200 114	210 213	287 861^g
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 12 322	36 947	81 374^g
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 57 147	31 189	21 384^g

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate^a (average annual %)	1.5	0.7	1^b
Urban population^a (% of total population)	85.7	86.1^f	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	1.6^a,p	...	...
Fertility rate, total^a (live births per woman)	1.8	1.6	1.6^b
Life expectancy at birth^a (females/males, years)	84.6 / 80.6	85.7 / 81.6	85.8 / 82.3^b
Population age distribution^a,q (0-14/60+ years old, %)	18.9 / 20.3	18.6 / 21.9	17.8 / 23.5^b
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	6 729.7 / 28.1^a	7 685.9 / 30.1^a	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	58.4	137.4	147.5^g
Under five mortality rate^a (per 1000 live births)	3.8	3.6	3.2^b
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	10.2	10.7	10.5^r
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.5	3.9	4^r
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.3	5.1^f	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^l (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.6 / 101.7	100.0 / 99.8	99.2 / 99.0^d
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^l (f/m per 100 pop.)	117.2 / 132.3	108.7 / 112.5	107.5 / 110.5^d
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^l (f/m per 100 pop.)	207.0 / 243.9	192.8 / 197.2	180.0 / 190.0^d
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1	0.9	0.8^d
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	26.7	30.5^s	38^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	84.6^t	94.7^l	94.9^l,d
Research & Development expenditure^l (% of GDP)	1.9	1.8^f	...
Threatened species^u (number)	909	1 308	1 880^g
Forested area (% of land area)	17.3	17.4	17.4^r
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	368.1 / 15.5	383.5 / 14.9	366.8 / 14.2^r
Energy production, primary^u,v (Petajoules)	16 033	18 958	17 855^r
Energy supply per capita^u,v (Gigajoules)	224	220	212^r
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^w (000)	7 449	1 828	3 694^d
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	51.8	57.3	57.3^g
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	99.7 / ...	99.6 / ...	99.5 / ...^d
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^x (% of GNI)	1.15	0.22	0.19^d

Footnotes

a		Including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island.
b		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
c		Including Norfolk Island.
d		2022
e		Refers to Significant Urban Areas as of 2001.
f		2019
g		2023
h		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
i		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
j		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
k		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
l		Estimate.
m		Weighted average of index values computed for the 8 capital cities.
n		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
o		Areas not elsewhere specified.
p		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
q		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
r		2021
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		Population aged 15 years and over. Accessed the internet for personal use in a typical week.
u		Excluding overseas territories.
v		Data refer to fiscal years ending 30 June.
w		Excluding nationals residing abroad and crew members.
x		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).