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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	18 700	19 983	16 417^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-2.5	-2.1	2.7^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	553	511	396^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	22	31.4^f	36.5^f,b
Economy: Industry^e (% of Gross Value Added)	9.6	13.6^g	14.3^g,b
Economy: Services and other activity^e (% of GVA)	68.3	55^h	49.2^h,b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	44.3	46	45.5^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	20.8	18.5	18.4^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	34.9	35.5	36.1^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	9.1ⁱ	11.7	12.7ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	19.1 / 75.3ⁱ	16.5 / 66.8	5.1 / 69.5ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	133	158	168^j
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	96	112	116^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	571	783ⁱ	486^i,j
International trade: imports (million current US$)	7 723	8 266ⁱ	4 250^i,j
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 7 151	- 7 484ⁱ	- 3 764^i,j
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 4 193	- 3 137	...

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.3	3.3	2.7^a
Urban population (% of total population)	24.8	25.8^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	4^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	5.7	5.1	4.7^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	64.2 / 60.4	64.7 / 58.5	68.1 / 64.9^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	46.3 / 3.7	44.2 / 3.8	42.6 / 3.9^a
International migrant stock^m (000/% of total pop.)	339.4 / 1.0	144.1 / 0.4	98.1 / 0.2^j
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1 421.4	2 802.9	3 365.6^j
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	76.5	62.9	52.9^a
Health: Current expenditureⁿ (% of GDP)	10.1	15.5^o	23.1^o,p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.3	0.3	0.3^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	86.4 / 126.1	87.6 / 129.5^c	... / ...
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	46.7 / 79.8	54.5 / 91.2^c	... / ...
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	28.0 / 54.4	29.3 / 54.2^q	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	10	6.6	4^r
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	27.7	27^s	27^s,t,p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internetⁱ (per 100 inhabitants)	8.3	17	17.7^b
Threatened species (number)	38	40	57^j
Forested area (% of land area)	1.9	1.9	1.9^p
CO2 emission estimates^u (million tons/tons per capita)	9.5 / 0.3	11.3 / 0.3	10.3 / 0.3^i,p
Energy production, primary^u (Petajoules)	61	78ⁱ	85^i,p
Energy supply per capita^u (Gigajoules)	5	5	4^i,p
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	5.8	46.4	46.4^j
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	31.8 / 21.2	35.6 / 25.9	36.4 / 27.7^p
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	22.2	20.94	26.92^p

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		2020
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
h		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		2024
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
o		Data are based on SHA2011.
p		2022
q		2018
r		2021
s		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
t		Data corresponds to the composition of the House of the People elected in 2018.
u		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 21 March.