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General Information

Region		Southern Africa
Population (000, 2021)		60 042^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		49.5^a
Capital city		Pretoria^c
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		2 472.6^b
UN membership date		07-Nov-45
Surface area (km2)		1 221 037^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		97^a
National currency		Rand (ZAR)
Exchange rate (per US$)		14.7^d

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	375 348	317 416	351 431^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3	1.2	0.2^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	7 328.6	5 730.9	6 001.4^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	2.6	2.3	2.1^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	30.2	29.1	29.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	67.2	68.6	68.7^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	4.9	5.6	5^e,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	24.4	23.8	22.7^e,d
Employment in services (% employed)	70.7	70.6	72.3^e,d
Unemployment^e (% of labour force)	24.7	25.2	28.5^d
Labour force participation rate^e (female/male pop. %)	44.9 / 60.4	48.6 / 62.5	49.7 / 62.6^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index^f,h (2010=100)	100^g	130	164^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	90	101	102^b
International trade: exportsⁱ (million current US$)	82 631	80 264	85 227^d
International trade: importsⁱ (million current US$)	83 100	85 511	68 943^d
International trade: balanceⁱ (million current US$)	-469	- 5 246	16 284^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 5 492	- 14 568	6 711^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	1.3	1.6	1.4^d
Urban population (% of total population)	62.2	64.8	66.9^b
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	2	2.2	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	2.6	2.6	2.4^d
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	57.3 / 52.3	64.2 / 57.8	67.1 / 60.2^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	29.7 / 7.2	29.3 / 7.9	28.6 / 8.7^a
International migrant stock^l (000/% of total pop.)	2 114.8 / 4.1	3 231.7 / 5.8	2 860.5 / 4.8^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	229.7^m	912.6	266.7^d
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	48.1	32.9	27.2^d
Health: Current expenditureⁿ (% of GDP)	7.4	8.2	8.3^o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.7	0.8	0.8^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.7	6	6.5^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.7 / 106.8	101.9 / 109.2	96.6 / 100.4^o
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	96.6 / 91.0	108.8 / 110.1	104.0 / 97.1^o
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	92.3 / 83.9	110.2 / 113.2	104.5 / 95.5^o
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	31	33.7	36.4^o
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	44.5	41.5	45.8^p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet^e (per 100 inhabitants)	24	51.9	56.2^q
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.7	0.8	0.8^q
Threatened species (number)	441	527	792
Forested area (% of land area)	14.4	14.2^e	14.1^e,o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	420.3 / 8.2	419.5 / 7.6	428.0 / 7.4^o
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	6 603	6 640	6 618^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	116	104	102^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	8 074^g	8 904^g,r	10 228^r,b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	28.9	30.8	33.1^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	87.4 / ...	84.3 / ...	81.1 / ...^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.28	0.46	0.28^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Pretoria is the administrative capital, Cape Town is the legislative capital and Bloemfontein is the judiciary capital.
d		2020
e		Estimate.
f		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
g		Break in the time series.
h		Urban areas.
i		Imports FOB.
j		Areas not elsewhere specified.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Including refugees.
m		Data as at the end of December.
n		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 April.
o		2018
p		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
q		2017
r		Excluding transit.