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General Information

Region		Eastern Africa
Population (000, 2021)		13 276^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		538.2^a
Capital city		Kigali
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		1 094.8^b
UN membership date		18-Sep-62
Surface area (km2)		26 338^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		96.7^a
National currency		Rwanda Franc (RWF)
Exchange rate (per US$)		972.5^c

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	6 124	8 533	10 355^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	7.3	8.9	9.4^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	610	750.5	820.1^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	26.9	26.3	25.7^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	18.1	19.2	20.6^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	55.1	54.5	53.6^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	79.5	66.7	61.7^c
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	5.7	8.3	9.1^c
Employment in services^h (% employed)	14.8	25	29.2^c
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	1.1	1.1	1^c
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	84.1 / 84.9	83.9 / 84.0	84.0 / 83.3^c
CPI: Consumer Price Index^i,j (2010=100)	100	122	151^c
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	117	101	123^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	242	594	1 629^h,c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	1 405	2 370	3 595^h,c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 1 163	- 1 777	- 1 966^h,c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-399	- 1 084	- 1 254^b

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	2.5	2.5	2.6^c
Urban population (% of total population)	16.9	17	17.3^b
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	2.6	2.6	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	4.8	4.2	4.1^c
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	61.5 / 58.5	67.6 / 63.8	70.5 / 66.3^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	41.5 / 4.1	40.6 / 4.5	39.2 / 5.3^a
International migrant stock^l (000/% of total pop.)	426.9 / 4.3	514.6 / 4.5	513.9 / 4.0^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	55.7^m	135.6	150.5^c
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	62.7	39.4	29.2^c
Health: Current expenditureⁿ (% of GDP)	8.5	6.9^o	7.5^p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	...	0.1	0.1^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4.6	3.6^h	3.1^p
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	150.1 / 146.4	140.6 / 138.7	130.0 / 132.7^b
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	31.6 / 31.6	39.4 / 36.3	47.0 / 41.6^b
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	18.4 / 20.6	32.1 / 31.9	32.5 / 31.0^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2.9	2.6	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	56.2	63.8	61.3^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	8	18^h	21.8^h,r
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	...	0.6^s
Threatened species (number)	55	61	171
Forested area^h (% of land area)	10.7	10.9	11.1^p
Energy production, primary^h (Petajoules)	76	85	87^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	8	9^h	8^h,p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	504	987	932^s
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	51.7	51.7	51.7^c
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	35.1 / 2.6	40.8 / 3.9	45.5 / 5.0^c
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	... / 43.3	... / 49.2	... / 53.8^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	16.92	12.98	11.92^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Excludes publishing activities.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		Urban areas.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Including refugees.
m		Data as at the end of December.
n		Data revision.
o		Break in the time series.
p		2018
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		2017
s		2016