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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	14 251	21 723	24 970^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	10.1	6.6	6.5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 949.4	2 679.3	2 845.2^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	20.2	18.3	18.4^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	34.2	36.4	36.8^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	45.5	45.3	44.9^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	66.4	61.3	57.8^c
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	4.8	6.4	6.7^c
Employment in services^h (% employed)	28.8	32.3	35.5^c
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	2	2.6	2.5^c
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	47.2 / 49.3	46.6 / 48.2	46.0 / 47.9^c
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100ⁱ	128	164^c
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	90	100	106^b
International trade: exports^h (million current US$)	5 742	8 425	12 723^c
International trade: imports^h (million current US$)	3 950	2 537	3 374^c
International trade: balance^h (million current US$)	1 792	5 888	9 348^c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-642	4 407	5 451^j

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	2.4	2.1	2^c
Urban population (% of total population)	13	13	13.2^b
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	2.2	2.2	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	4.1	3.8	3.6^c
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	62.7 / 60.0	64.1 / 61.4	65.4 / 62.9^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	38.3 / 5.3	36.8 / 5.5	34.8 / 6.1^a
International migrant stock^l,m (000/% of total pop.)	30.4 / 0.4	30.9 / 0.4	31.1 / 0.3^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	9.7ⁿ	9.9	9.8^c
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	54.5	48.3	41.9^c
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	2.1	1.8	2.4^i,j
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.1	...	0.1^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	...	...	1.9^h,j
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	54.3 / 61.4^o	95.7 / 107.7^p	103.6 / 113.2^q
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	... / ...	33.0 / 44.0^p	39.9 / 54.7^q
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	... / ...	17.2 / 25.4^p	26.2 / 41.2^q
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	9.8	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	0.9	2.7	0^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	1.3^s	7.9^h	11.2^h,t
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	...	~0.0^u,v,q
Threatened species (number)	453	478	1 016
Forested area^h (% of land area)	79.9	79.5	79.3^j
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	95	228	234^h,j
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	19	21	19^h,j
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	140	183	160^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	7.2	7.2	7.3^c
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	29.8 / ...	29.1 / ...	28.3 / ...^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	3.9	2.77	2.66^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Excludes publishing activities.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		Break in the time series.
j		2018
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Refers to foreign citizens.
m		Including refugees.
n		Data as at the end of December.
o		2008
p		2012
q		2016
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
s		Population aged 10 years and over.
t		2017
u		Partial data.
v		Excluding business enterprise.