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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	11 282	11 272	12 366^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	6	4.5	-1.1^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	5 324.6	4 869.4	4 957.4^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	9.1	6.7	7.1^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	29.7	30	28.7^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	61.2	63.3	64.1^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	28.1	24.5	21.8^c
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	13.9	17	16.4^c
Employment in services^h (% employed)	57.9	58.5	61.8^c
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	22.1	20.9	20.6^c
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	52.6 / 63.0	56.4 / 65.4	56.6 / 63.6^c
CPI: Consumer Price Indexⁱ (2010=100)	100	129	161^c
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	99	100^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	5 848	4 628	5 600^c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	5 980	7 697	6 823^c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	-131	- 3 069	- 1 223^c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-439	- 1 540	180^c

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	1.8	1.8	1.9^c
Urban population (% of total population)	41.6	46.9	51^b
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	3.9	4.6	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	3.6	3.6	3.4^c
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	54.4 / 51.5	63.0 / 57.7	65.8 / 60.0^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	37.4 / 5.8	36.9 / 5.6	36.7 / 5.7^a
International migrant stock^l (000/% of total pop.)	103.8 / 4.9	101.6 / 4.4	109.4 / 4.3^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	8.8^m	4.4	5.5^c
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	43.5	38.6	33.4^c
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	9.7	9.7	8ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.4^o	...	0.6^p
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	8.3	...	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	112.9 / 117.5	118.4 / 123.7^q	122.1 / 126.4ⁿ
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	70.0 / 61.5^o	... / ...	... / ...
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	38.3 / 34.0^o	... / ...	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	14.8	17.7^r	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	26.9	41.3	44.2^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	11.6	25.7^h	36.8^h,p
Research & Development expenditure^u (% of GDP)	0.1^t	0.4^v	...
Threatened species (number)	92	105	132
Forested area^h (% of land area)	8.9	8.5	8.2ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	3.1 / 1.5	3.9 / 1.7	3.9 / 1.6ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	17	21	22ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	31	34	34ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	984	1 388	1 596^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	83.5	86.2	86.2^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	2.41	1.26	1.2^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Excludes publishing activities.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
j		Areas not elsewhere specified.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Including refugees.
m		Data as at the end of December.
n		2018
o		2007
p		2017
q		2013
r		2012
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		Excluding government.
u		Partial data.
v		2014