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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	8 216	11 769	12 559^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	8.5	0.8	0.9^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	485	607.4	615.5^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	26.5	26.5	29.4^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	18.4	20.2	18^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,h (% of GVA)	55.1	53.3	52.5^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	65	62.9	62.1^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	7.5	7.9	8.1^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	27.5	29.2	29.8^b
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	4.9	5.7	5
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	65.2 / 74.4ⁱ	63.2 / 73.9	63.7 / 74.5ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Indexⁱ (2010=100)	251	454	774^j
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	135	143^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	1 072	771	966^j
International trade: imports (million current US$)	2 270	2 678	3 141^j
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 1 198	- 1 907	- 2 175^j
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 1 064	- 1 639	- 2 276^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.7	2.6	2.6^a
Urban population (% of total population)	16.3	17.2^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	3.9^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	4.4	3.9	3.6^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	65.2 / 59.4	68.8 / 61.7	70.8 / 64.3^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	45.4 / 4.3	43.1 / 4.0	40.7 / 4.0^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	197.3 / 1.2^m	191.4 / 1.0^m	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	22.6	47.7	51.5^j
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	57	43.7	38.2^a
Health: Current expenditureⁿ (% of GDP)	6.6	7	7.4^o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	~0.0^p	~0.0	~0.0^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.6	3.3^i,q	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	138.0 / 138.6	140.1 / 139.0^c	128.6 / 124.2^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	45.5 / 50.5ⁱ	37.2 / 46.6^c	43.0 / 41.0^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	20.3 / 25.3	18.4 / 21.0^c	19.8 / 21.8^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.8^r	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	16.7	22.9^s	20.7^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internetⁱ (per 100 inhabitants)	6	22.2	27.7^b
Threatened species (number)	171	130	158^j
Forested area (% of land area)	26	23.8	23.3^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	1.0 / 0.1	1.5 / 0.1	1.6 / 0.1^o
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	69	70	70^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	5	5	5^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^t (000)	805	199	432^o
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	70.8	70.8	70.8^j
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	47.3 / 7.0	50.9 / 9.2	52.4 / 10.2^b
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	32.4 / 31.5	38.7 / 42.8	41.2 / 47.3^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	17.06	12.13	9.5^o

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2020
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		2023
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.
o		2021
p		2013
q		2018
r		2012
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		Departures.