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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	2 360	2 054	2 118^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3.1	-8.2	1.8^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 121.0	919	916^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	4.2	6	7.7^b
Economy: Industry^e,g (% of Gross Value Added)	37.9	35.2	33.4^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,h (% of GVA)	57.9	58.8	58.8^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	30.8	30.2	29.2^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	33.9	34.4	34.9^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	35.3	35.4	36^b
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	16.3	18.4	15.9
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	54.5 / 71.8	48.5 / 66.5	48.3 / 67.4
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	127	164	212^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	92	104^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	606	837	832^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	1 421	1 281	1 742^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	-815	-443	-910^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-135	-121	112^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.2	1.2	1.1^a
Urban population (% of total population)	26.9	28.6^j	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.9^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	3.2	2.8	2.6^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	54.4 / 49.3	57.7 / 52.5	60.9 / 55.4^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	36.6 / 5.8	35.8 / 5.8	34.1 / 5.8^a
International migrant stock^m,n (000/% of total pop.)	9.2 / 0.4	12.1 / 0.5	15.0 / 0.6^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	~0.0	0.3	0.6^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	81.2	76.3	67.2^a
Health: Current expenditure^i,o (% of GDP)	9.3	10.5	12.7^p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.1^q	0.5^c	0.2^p
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	103.3 / 107.2	86.5 / 89.0	80.3 / 83.0^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	79.1 / 59.1	79.1 / 59.7^r	... / ...
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	51.0 / 38.7	50.4 / 35.7^r	... / ...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	26.7	23.3^s	25^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internetⁱ (per 100 inhabitants)	25	43.7^t	48^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.1^u,v	...	...
Threatened species (number)	17	19	21^d
Forested area (% of land area)	1.1	1.1	1.1^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	2.1 / 1.0ⁱ	2.1 / 0.9ⁱ	2.6 / 1.2^p
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	21ⁱ	18ⁱ	17^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	22ⁱ	19ⁱ	22^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	320^w	...	...
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	53.3	53.3	53.3^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	66.2 / 7.0	72.4 / 9.2	72.6 / 9.2^p
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	34.0 / 40.0	39.4 / 51.0	39.4 / 51.0^p
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	3.28	7.02	7.2^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2018
d		2024
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
h		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		2019
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		Refers to foreign citizens.
o		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 April.
p		2022
q		2010
r		2017
s		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
t		Population aged 15 to 102 years.
u		Excluding private non-profit.
v		Excluding business enterprise.
w		2013