UNData app

General Information

Region		Caribbean
Population (000, 2021)		2 974^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		274.6^a
Capital city		Kingston
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		589.8^b
UN membership date		18-Sep-62
Surface area (km2)		10 990^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		98.5^a
National currency		Jamaican Dollar (JMD)
Exchange rate (per US$)		141.7^c

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	13 221	14 198	15 831^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-1.5	0.9	0.9^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	4 704.1	4 911.0	5 369.5^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	5.9	7.2	8.2^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	20	22	22.4^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	74.1	70.7	69.5^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	17.8^d	17.7	15.7^d,c
Employment in industry (% of employed)	16.2^d	14.9	16.2^d,c
Employment in services (% employed)	66^d	67.3	68.1^d,c
Unemployment^d (% of labour force)	12.4	13.5	8^c
Labour force participation rate^d (female/male pop. %)	55.6 / 71.1	57.4 / 71.5	60.0 / 72.6^c
CPI: Consumer Price Index^e (2010=100)	100	141	171^c
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	91	98	105^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	1 328	1 263	1 190^d,c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	5 225	4 993	4 651^d,c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 3 898	- 3 730	- 3 461^d,c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-934	-430	-35^c

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^f (average annual %)	0.5	0.6	0.5^c
Urban population (% of total population)	53.7	54.8	56^b
Urban population growth rate^f (average annual %)	0.9	0.8	...
Fertility rate, total^f (live births per woman)	2.3	2.1	2^c
Life expectancy at birth^f (females/males, years)	75.6 / 72.8	75.5 / 72.5	75.9 / 72.8^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	27.0 / 11.4	24.6 / 11.9	23.1 / 13.6^a
International migrant stock^g (000/% of total pop.)	23.7 / 0.8	23.2 / 0.8	23.6 / 0.8^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	~0.0^h	~0.0	0.1^c
Infant mortality rate^f (per 1 000 live births)	16.7	14.9	11.8^c
Health: Current expenditure^d (% of GDP)	5.3	5.6	6.1ⁱ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.4^j	0.4	0.5^k
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	6.4	5.5	5.2^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	90.8 / 90.4^l	... / ...	... / ...
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	95.5 / 88.2	83.8 / 78.2	86.1 / 84.6^b
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.8 / 86.0	78.6 / 74.0	84.9 / 82.5^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	51.5	41.8	43.9ⁱ
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	13.3	12.7	28.6^m

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	27.7ⁿ	42.2	55.1^o
Threatened species (number)	282	298	341
Forested area^d (% of land area)	51.6	53.3	54.4ⁱ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	7.1 / 2.5	6.9 / 2.4	8.2 / 2.8ⁱ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	8	10	8^d,i
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	40	41	40ⁱ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^p,q (000)	1 922	2 123	2 681^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	21.9	21.9	21.9^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	1.11	0.43	0.79^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Estimate.
e		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
f		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
g		Including refugees.
h		Data as at the end of December.
i		2018
j		2008
k		2016
l		2007
m		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
n		Population aged 14 years and over.
o		2017
p		Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.
q		Including nationals residing abroad; E/D cards.