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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	3 141	4 682	5 504^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3	4.7	0.5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	3 652.5	5 390.6	6 185.1^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	10.2	10	13.2^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	19.9	19.3	19.6^b
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	69.9	70.6	67.2^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	43.9	39.4	35.7^d
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	14.4	13.2	13.3^d
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	41.7	47.4	51^d
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	4.3	4.4	4.1^d
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	43.1 / 79.2	40.1 / 77.0	38.6 / 76.2^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	100	116	129^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	89	109	114^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	841	895	771^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	1 808	2 081	1 901^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	-967	- 1 186	- 1 130^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-149	-164	-602^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	0.9	0.2	0.6^d
Urban population (% of total population)	52.2	54.7	56.8^b
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	1.8	1.7	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	2.8	2.8	2.8^d
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	68.0 / 64.9	68.6 / 65.4	69.1 / 65.6^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	29.0 / 7.9	29.8 / 8.1	28.9 / 10.0^a
International migrant stock^l (000/% of total pop.)	13.4 / 1.6	13.8 / 1.6	14.1 / 1.6^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	~0.0^m	~0.0	~0.0^d
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	19.6	20	20.3^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	3.4	3.3	3.4^n,c
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.4^o	0.9	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4.5^o	3.9^p	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	104.0 / 105.6^o	105.5 / 107.9	114.2 / 118.6^b
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	90.7 / 82.9^o	94.3 / 85.7^q	... / ...
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	75.3 / 63.8^o	81.9 / 71.9^q	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2.3	2.3^r	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	8.5^s	14	21.6^t

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internetⁱ (per 100 inhabitants)	20	42.5	50^u
Threatened species (number)	192	278	338
Forested areaⁱ (% of land area)	58.7	60.6	61.7^c
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	5	7	6^i,c
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	25	29	28^i,c
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^v (000)	632	755	894^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	11.2	11.2	11.2^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	2.49	2.29	2.53^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2018
d		2020
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes publishing activities.
h		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Including refugees.
m		Data as at the end of December.
n		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 April.
o		2009
p		2013
q		2012
r		2014
s		2006
t		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
u		2017
v		Excluding nationals residing abroad.