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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2020
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	3 141	4 682	5 537^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3	4.7	3.5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	3 652.5	5 390.7	6 267.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	10.2	10.2	13.4^b
Economy: Industry^d,e (% of Gross Value Added)	19.9	19.6	19.4^b
Economy: Services and other activity^d,f,g (% of GVA)	60.7	59.9	58.8^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	43.9	39.4	35.7
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	14.4	13.2	13.3
Employment in services^h (% employed)	41.7	47.4	51
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	4.3	4.4	4.1
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	43.1 / 79.2	40.1 / 77.0	38.6 / 76.2
CPI: Consumer Price Indexⁱ (2010=100)	100	116	132^c
Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)	81	85	84^j
International trade: exports (million current US$)	841	895	1 137^h,c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	1 808	2 081	2 650^h,c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	-967	- 1 186	- 1 513^h,c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-149	-164	-696^c

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	0.9	0.2	0.6
Urban population (% of total population)	52.2	54.7	56.8^c
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	1.8	1.7	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	2.8	2.8	2.8
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	68.0 / 64.9	68.6 / 65.4	69.1 / 65.6
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	29.0 / 7.9	29.8 / 8.1	29.0 / 9.6
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	13.4 / 1.6	13.8 / 1.6	14.0 / 1.6^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	~0.0^l	~0.0	~0.0^c
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	19.6	20	20.3
Health: Current expenditure^m (% of GDP)	3.7	3.6	3.5^a
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.4ⁿ	0.9	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4.5ⁿ	3.9^o	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	104.0 / 105.6ⁿ	105.5 / 107.9	105.2 / 107.6^j
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	90.7 / 82.9ⁿ	94.3 / 85.7^p	... / ...
Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	17.6 / 14.7^h,q	... / ...	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2.3	2.3^r	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	8.5^s	14	19.6^t

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Individuals using the Internet^h (per 100 inhabitants)	20	42.5	50^a
Threatened species (number)	192	278	321
Forested area^h (% of land area)	54.3	55.7	55.7^a
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	5	7	7^a
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	25	41	38^h,a
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^u (000)	632	755	870^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	11.2	11.2	11.2^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	2.49	2.29	2.28^b

Footnotes

a		2017
b		2018
c		2019
d		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
e		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation and canals.
f		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
g		Excludes computer and related activities and radio/TV activities.
h		Estimate.
i		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
j		2016
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		Data revision.
n		2009
o		2013
p		2012
q		2005
r		2014
s		2006
t		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
u		Excluding nationals residing abroad.