World Statistics Pocketbook
Technical notes - Statistical sources - References
Country
nomenclature
The geographical
designations and presentation of the material in this publication have been
adopted solely for the purpose of providing a convenient geographical basis for
the statistical series. Because of space limitations, the country or area names
used in the tables are generally the commonly employed short names in use in
the United Nations, the full names being used only when a short form is not
available. Countries or areas are listed in English alphabetical order.
Country notes
Netherlands Antilles: The
State of
Symbols and
abbreviations
... |
Data not available |
– |
Magnitude zero |
< |
Magnitude not zero,
but less than half of the unit employed |
–< |
Magnitude not zero,
but negative and less than half of the unit employed |
000 |
Thousands |
°C |
Degrees Celsius |
°F |
Degrees Fahrenheit |
% |
Percentage |
60+ |
Aged sixty years and
over |
. |
Decimal figures are
always preceded by a period (.) |
CFA |
Coopération
financière en Afrique centrale |
CIF |
Cost,
Insurance and Freight |
CO2 |
Carbon dioxide |
CPI |
Consumer price index |
f |
Females |
FOB |
Free on board |
GDP |
Gross domestic product |
GNI |
Gross national income |
ILO |
International Labour
Organization |
ISIC |
International Standard
Industrial Classification |
ISO |
International Organization
for Standardization |
km |
Kilometres |
m |
Males |
mt |
Metric tons |
UN |
United Nations |
UNESCO |
United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
UNHCR |
Office of the United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |
UNSD |
United Nations
Statistics Division |
US$ |
United States dollars |
Notes on the indicators
Below are brief descriptions of the indicators presented in the country
profiles. The terms are arranged in alphabetical
order. Numbers in square brackets refer to the primary sources of the data
which are listed in the Statistical sources and references section.
Agricultural
production index: The indices are calculated
by the Laspeyres formula based on the sum of price-weighted quantities of
different agricultural commodities produced.
The commodities covered in the computation of indices of agricultural
production are all crops and livestock products originating in each country.
Practically all products are covered, with the main exception of fodder
crops. Production quantities of each
commodity are weighted by the average international commodity prices in the
base period and summed for each year. To obtain the index, the aggregate for a
given year is divided by the average aggregate for the base period 2004-2006.
Indices are calculated without any deductions for feed and seed and are
referred to as “gross” by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO).
Source of the data: FAOSTAT database [2] of the Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, available at http://faostat.fao.org/site/612/default.aspx#ancor
(16 January 2013 update).
Balance of payments is a statement summarizing the economic transactions between the
residents of a country and nonresidents during a specific period, usually a
year. It includes transactions in goods, services, income, transfers and
financial assets and liabilities. Generally, the balance of payments is divided
into two major components: the current account and the capital and financial
account. The data on balance of payments
presented in the World Statistics Pocketbook correspond to the current account
category. The current account is a
record of all transactions in the balance of payments covering the exports and
imports of goods and services, payments of income, and current transfers
between residents of a country and nonresidents.
Source of the data: International Monetary Fund, International Financial
Statistics (IFS) database [6], (last accessed 15 October
2012).
Capital city: The designation of any specific city as a capital city is done solely on
the basis of the designation as reported by the country or area. The city can
be the seat of the government as determined by the country. Some countries
designate more than one city to be a capital city with a specific title
function (e.g., administrative and/or legislative capital). The data refer to
the year 2011.
Source of the data: The United Nations Population Division, World
Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision [13], available at
http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM/WUP2011-F13-Capital_Cities.xls
(last accessed 24 April 2012).
CO2 emission
estimates represent the volume of
CO2 (carbon dioxide) produced during the combustion of solid, liquid, and
gaseous fuels, and from gas flaring and the manufacture of cement. Original
data were converted to CO2 emissions by using the conversion formula: 1 gram
Carbon = 3.664 grams CO2, as per http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/convert.html#3.
Source of the data: Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2
Emissions,
Contraceptive
prevalence refers to the percentage
of women married or in-union aged 15 to 49 who are currently using, or whose
sexual partner is using at least one method of contraception, regardless of the
method used. Contraceptive methods include modern methods such as
sterilization, oral hormonal pills, intra-uterine devices, condoms,
injectables, implants, vaginal barrier methods and emergency contraception and
traditional methods such as the rhythm, withdrawal, lactational amenorrhea
method and folk methods. The data contain the most recent estimates of
contraceptive prevalence between the years 2006 and 2010.
Source of the data: The Social Indicators website of the Demographic and
Social Statistics Branch of the United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/Dec.%202012/2d.xls
[15] (December 2012 update).
CPI: Consumer price
index measures changes over time in the general
level of prices of goods and services that a reference population acquires,
uses or pays for consumption. A consumer price index is estimated as a series
of summary measures of the period-to-period proportional change in the prices
of a fixed set of consumer goods and services of constant quantity and
characteristics, acquired, used or paid for by the reference population. Each
summary measure is constructed as a weighted average of a large number of
elementary aggregate indices. Each of the elementary aggregate indices is
estimated using a sample of prices for a defined set of goods and services
obtained in, or by residents of, a specific region from a given set of outlets
or other sources of consumption goods and services. Unless otherwise noted, the
indices here generally refer to “all items” and to the country as a whole.
Source of the data: LABORSTA Internet [5], an
International Labour Organization database, Table: B9 Consumer prices, general
indices, at http://laborsta.ilo.org
(last accessed 15 October 2012).
Currency refers to those notes and coins in circulation that are commonly used
to make payments. The official currency names and the ISO currency codes are
those officially in use, and may be subject to change.
Source of the information: United
Nations Treasury’s [22] website at http://www.un.org/Depts/treasury/
as of 1 October 2012.
Education: Female
third-level students: The number of female
students at the third-level of education is expressed as a percentage of the
total number of students (males and females) at the same level in a given
school year. Third-level education is
that which is provided at university, teachers’ college, higher professional
school, and which requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful
completion of education at the second level, or evidence of the attainment of
an equivalent level of knowledge. Unless otherwise indicated, the data refer to
the latest available year between 2006 and 2012.
Source of the data: the website of the UNESCO Institute of Statistics [9],
Table 14: Tertiary indicators, available at http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=167
(November 2012 release).
Education:
Government expenditure (% of GDP): Unless
otherwise indicated, the data refer to the latest available year between 2006
and 2012. They show the trends in general government expenditures for
educational affairs and services at pre-primary, primary, secondary and
tertiary levels and subsidiary services to education, expressed as a percentage
of the gross domestic product.
Source of the data: the website of UNESCO Institute for Statistics [9], Table 19: Finance indicators by ISCED level, available at http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=172
(November 2012 release).
Education: Primary and
secondary gross enrolment ratio is the
total enrolment in first and second levels of education, regardless of age,
expressed as a percentage of the eligible official school-age population
corresponding to the same level of education in a given school year. Education
at the first level provides the basic elements of education (e.g. at elementary
school or primary school). Education at the second level is provided at middle
school, secondary school, high school, teacher-training school at this level
and schools of a vocational or technical nature. Enrolment is at the beginning
of the school or academic year. The
gross enrolment ratio at the first and second level should include all pupils
whatever their ages, whereas the population is limited to the range of official
school ages. Therefore, for countries with almost universal education among the
school-age population, the gross enrolment ratio will exceed 100 if the actual
age distribution of pupils extends beyond the official school ages. Unless
otherwise indicated, the data refer to the latest available year between 2006
and 2012.
Source of the data: The website of the UNESCO Institute of Statistics [9], Table 5: Enrolment ratios by ISCED level, available at http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=182
(November 2012 release).
Employment in
agricultural and in industrial sectors: The
“employed” comprise all persons above a specified age who, during a specified
brief period, either one week or one day, were in "paid employment” or in
"self-employment” as defined below. "Persons in paid employment”
comprise all persons in the following categories: (a) "at work": persons
who during the reference period performed some work for wages, salary or
related payments, in cash or in kind; or (b) "with a job but not at
work": persons who, having already worked in their present job, were
absent during the reference period and continued to have a strong attachment to
their job. "Persons in self-employment” comprise all persons (a) "at
work": persons who during the reference period performed some work for
profit or family gain, in cash or in kind; or (b) "with an enterprise but
not at work": persons with an enterprise, which may be a business
enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking, who were temporarily not at work
during the reference period for any specific reason. Employers, own-account
workers and members of producers' co-operatives should be considered as in
self-employment and should be classified as "at work” or "not at
work”, as the case may be. (See ILO’s Current International Recommendations on
Labour Statistics). Unless otherwise indicated, the data refer to the 15 years
and over age group who perform any work at all in the reference period, for pay
or profit in industry (mining, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water and
construction) and in agriculture.
Agriculture comprises the following divisions of the International
Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Rev. 4:
crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities, forestry
and lodging, and fishing and aquaculture.
Data sources include the World Bank’s Core Welfare Indicators
Questionnaire, Eurostat’s European Labour Force Survey, household income and
expenditure surveys, household or labour force surveys, living standards
surveys, official estimates and population censuses. The most common source of the data shown is
the household or labour force survey; if other sources have been used they are
indicated with a footnote.
Source of the data: The Key Indicators of the Labour Market database [4], prepared by the International Labour Organization (ILO),
available at http://kilm.ilo.org/kilmnet/
(last accessed 27 November 2012).
Energy consumption
per capita: Data on consumption refers
to “apparent consumption”, which is derived from the formula “production +
imports - exports - bunkers +/- stock changes”.
Source of the data: The Energy Statistics database of the United Nations
Statistics Division (last accessed 24 April 2012) and the Energy Statistics
Yearbook [17].
Energy production,
primary, refers to the first stage of production of
various forms of energy (from sources that involve only extraction or capture,
with or without separation from contiguous material, cleaning or grading,
before the energy embodied in that source can be converted into heat or
mechanical work, converted into a common unit (metric ton of oil equivalent)
(see United Nations publication Concepts and Methods in Energy Statistics, with
Special Reference to Energy Accounts and Balances, 1982). The data refer to the
following commercial primary energy sources:
hard coal, lignite, peat, oil shale, crude petroleum, natural gas
liquids, biodiesel, alcohol, natural gas, primary steam/heat, and electricity
generated from hydro, nuclear, geothermal, wind, tide, wave and solar sources.
Source of the data: The Energy Statistics database of the United Nations
Statistics Division (last accessed 24 April 2012) and the Energy Statistics
Yearbook [17].
Exchange rates are shown in units of national currency per US dollar and refer to
end-of-period quotations. The exchange rates are classified into broad
categories, reflecting both the role of the authorities in the determination of
the exchange and/or the multiplicity of exchange rates in a country. The market
rate is used to describe exchange rates determined largely by market forces;
the official rate is an exchange rate determined by the authorities, sometimes
in a flexible manner. For countries maintaining multiple exchange arrangements,
the rates are labelled principal rate, secondary rate, and tertiary rate.
Source of the data: The International Monetary Fund, International
Financial Statistics [6] database (last accessed 15 October
2012). For those currencies for which the IMF does not publish exchange rates,
non-commercial rates derived from the operational rates of exchange for United
Nations programmes are shown, as published by the United Nations Treasury [22] at http://www.un.org/Depts/treasury/.
Fertility rate: The total fertility rate is a widely used summary indicator of
fertility. It refers to the number of children that would be born per woman,
assuming no female mortality at child bearing ages and the age-specific
fertility rates of a specified country and reference period. Unless otherwise
indicated, the data are the five-year average for the reference period
2010-2015.
Source of the data: The Social Indicators website of the Demographic and
Social Statistics Branch of the United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/Dec.%202012/2c.xls
[15] (December 2012 update).
Food production
index covers commodities that are considered
edible and contain nutrients.
Accordingly, coffee and tea are excluded because they have practically
no nutritive value. The index numbers
shown may differ from those produced by countries themselves because of
differences in concepts of production, coverage, weights, time reference of
data, and methods of evaluation. The data include estimates made by FAO in
cases where no official or semi-official figures are available from the
countries.
Source of the data: FAOSTAT database [2] of the Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, available at http://faostat.fao.org/site/612/default.aspx#ancor
(16 January 2013 update).
Forested area refers to the percentage of land area occupied by forest.
Source of the data: The Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 (FRA
2010) database [3] of the Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations, available at http://countrystat.org/home.aspx?c=FOR
(last accessed 18 January 2013).
GDP: Gross domestic
product is an aggregate measure of production equal
to the sum of gross value added of all resident producer units plus that part
(possibly the total) of taxes on products, less subsidies on products, that is
not included in the valuation of output.
It is also equal to the sum of the final uses of goods and services (all
uses except intermediate consumption) measured at purchasers’ prices, less the
value of imports of goods and services, and equal to the sum of primary incomes
distributed by resident producer units (see System of National Accounts 2008).
The data in the World Statistics Pocketbook are in current United States (US)
dollars and are estimates of the total production of goods and services of the
countries represented in economic terms, not as a measure of the standard of
living of their inhabitants. In order to have comparable coverage for as many
countries as possible, these US dollar estimates are based on official GDP data
in national currency, supplemented by national currency estimates prepared by
the Statistics Division using additional data from national and international
sources. The estimates given here are in most cases those accepted by the United
Nations General Assembly’s Committee on Contributions for determining United
Nations members’ contributions to the United Nations regular budget. The
exchange rates for the conversion of GDP national currency data into US dollars
are the average market rates published by the International Monetary Fund, in
International Financial Statistics [6]. Official exchange
rates are used only when free market rates are not available. For non-members
of the Fund, the conversion rates used are the average of United Nations
operational rates of exchange. It should be noted that the conversion from
local currency into US dollars introduces deficiencies in comparability over
time and among countries which should be considered when using the data. For
example, comparability over time is distorted when exchange rate fluctuations
differ substantially from domestic inflation rates.
Source of the data: The National Accounts Main Aggregates Database
available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp
(December 2012 update) and the National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main
Aggregates [20], compiled from national data provided to the
United Nations Statistics Division.
GDP: Growth rate at
constant 2005 prices is derived on the basis of
constant price series in national currency. The figures are computed as the
geometric mean of annual rates of growth expressed in percentages for the years
indicated.
Source of the data: The National Accounts Main Aggregates Database
available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp
(December 2012 update) and the National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main
Aggregates [20], compiled from national data provided to the
United Nations Statistics Division.
GDP per capita
estimates are the value of all goods
and services produced in the economy divided by the population.
Source of the data: The National Accounts Main Aggregates Database
available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp
(December 2012 update) and the National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main
Aggregates [20], compiled from national data provided to the
United Nations Statistics Division.
GNI: Gross national
income per capita estimates are the aggregate
value of the balances of gross primary incomes for all sectors in the economy
divided by the population. GNI is equal to GDP less primary incomes payable to
non-resident units plus primary incomes receivable from non-resident
units. In other words, GNI is equal to
GDP less taxes (less subsidies) on production and imports, compensation of
employees and property income payable to the rest of the world plus the
corresponding items receivable from the rest of the world. Thus GNI at market prices is the sum of gross
primary incomes receivable by resident institutional units/sectors. It is worth noting that GNI at market prices
was called gross national product in the 1953 SNA, and it was commonly
denominated GNP. In contrast to GDP, GNI
is not a concept of value added, but a concept of income (see System of National
Accounts 2008).
Source of the data: The National Accounts Main Aggregates Database
available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp
(December 2012 update) and the National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main
Aggregates [20], compiled from national data provided to the
United Nations Statistics Division.
Gross fixed capital
formation is measured by the total
value of a producer’s acquisitions, less disposals, of fixed assets during the
accounting period plus certain specified expenditure on services that adds to
the value of non-produced assets (see System of National Accounts 2008). The data are based on the percentage
distribution of GDP in current prices.
Source of the data: The National Accounts Main Aggregates Database
available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp
(December 2012 update) and the National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main
Aggregates [20], compiled from national data provided to the
United Nations Statistics Division.
Industrial
production index: The data shown here
generally cover, unless otherwise noted, the International Standard Industrial
Classification of All Economic Activities, Revision 4 (ISIC Rev. 4) sections B,
C, D and E (i.e., mining and quarrying; manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam
and air conditioning supply; and water supply, sewerage, waste management and
remediation activities). The data that are footnoted as referring to ISIC Rev.
3 cover Tabulation Categories C, D and E (mining and quarrying; manufacturing;
and electricity, gas and water supply).
Source of the data: Table 5 of the United Nations Monthly Bulletin of
Statistics [19], available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mbs/
(last accessed 19 October 2012).
Infant mortality
rate (per 1 000 live births) is the
ratio of infant deaths (the deaths of children under one year of age) in a
given year to the total number of live births in the same year. Unless otherwise noted, the rates are the
five-year projected averages for the reference period 2010-2015.
Source of the data: The Social Indicators website of the Demographic and
Social Statistics Branch of the United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/Dec.%202012/2b.xls
[15] (December 2012 update).
Intentional
homicides: The rates are the annual
number of unlawful deaths purposefully inflicted on a person by another person,
reported by sex for the year per 100 000. The data refer to the latest
available year between 2008 and 2010.
Source of the data: United Nations Office on Crime and Drugs [24], Homicide Statistics - Sex of homicide victims, available
at http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/Homicide/Homicides_by_sex.xls
(last accessed 29 January 2013).
International
migrant stock generally represents the
number of persons born in a country other than that in which they live. When
information on country of birth was not recorded, data on the number of persons
having foreign citizenship was used instead. In the absence of any empirical
data, estimates were imputed. Data refer to mid-2010. Figures for international migrant stock as a
percentage of the population are the outcome of dividing the estimated
international migrant stock by the estimated total population and multiplying the
result by 100.
Source of the data: The United
Nations Population Division, Trends in International Migrant Stock: The 2008
Revision [11] available at http://esa.un.org/migration/. Estimates
of total population are obtained from the United Nations Population Division,
World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision available at http://www.unpopulation.org and include
information received by UNSD as of 16 October 2009.
Internet users per
100 inhabitants are based on nationally
reported data for users divided by the total population and then multiplied by
100. There are variations in data collection among countries: some use surveys
that give a more precise figure for the number of Internet users, while others
base their estimates on derivations from reported Internet Service Provider
subscriber counts, calculated by multiplying the number of subscribers by a
multiplier. Surveys may differ across countries in the user age and frequency
of use they cover. Some figures may refer to only users above a certain age.
Source of the data: The World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database
2012 (16th Edition) of the International Telecommunication Union [8],
available at http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/world/world.html
(last accessed 19 October 2012).
Labour force
participation rate is calculated by
expressing the number of persons in the labour force as a percentage of the
working-age population. The labour force is the sum of the number of persons
employed and the number of unemployed (see ILO’s Current International
Recommendations on Labour Statistics).
The working-age population is the population above a certain age,
prescribed for the measurement of economic characteristics. Unless otherwise
noted, the data refer to the age group of 15 years and over.
Source of the data: The Key Indicators of the Labour Market database [4], produced by the International Labour
Organization, available at http://kilm.ilo.org/kilmnet/
(last accessed 27 November 2012).
Life expectancy at
birth is the average number of years of life at
birth (age 0) according to the expected mortality rates by age estimated for
the reference year and population.
Unless otherwise indicated, the data are the five-year projected averages
for the reference period 2010-2015.
Source of the data: The Social Indicators website of the Demographic and
Social Statistics Branch of the United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/Dec.%202012/2a.xls
[15] (December 2012 update).
Major trading
partners shows the three largest trade partners
(countries of destination and origin) in international merchandise trade
transactions. In some cases, less than three countries may be shown, for
example when one or more of the largest shares of exports and/or imports refer
to regions or unspecified areas rather than to individual countries. Data are
expressed as percentages of total exports and of total imports of the country
or area.
Source of the data: The United Nations Statistics Division’s Commodity
Trade Statistics Database [14] (COMTRADE, see http://comtrade.un.org) and the United
Nations International Trade Statistics Yearbook [18].
Population aged 0-14
years refers to the population aged 0-14 years of
both sexes as a percentage of total population. Unless otherwise indicated, the
data refer to the year 2012.
Source of the data: The Social Indicators website of the Demographic and
Social Statistics Branch of the United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/Dec.%202012/1b.xls
[15] (December 2012 update).
Population aged 60
years and over refers to elderly men as a
percentage of all males and elderly women as a percentage of all females.
Unless otherwise indicated, the data refer to the year 2012.
Source of the data: The Social Indicators website of the Demographic and
Social Statistics Branch of the United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/Dec.%202012/1b.xls
[15] (December 2012 update).
Population density refers to population per square kilometre of surface area. Data are
derived from the population estimates for 2011 divided by the surface area. See
also population estimates and surface area.
Population
estimates: Data for “Population in
2011” refer to de facto population as of 1 July 2011. The total population of a
country may comprise either all usual residents of the country (de jure
population) or all persons present in the country (de facto population) at the
time of the census; for purposes of international comparisons, the de facto
definition is recommended.
Source of the data: Estimates for 2011 were prepared by the United
Nations Population Division and published in the World Population Prospects:
The 2010 Revision [12], available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm.
Population growth
rate is the average annual percentage change in
total population size. Unless otherwise indicated, the data refer to the period
2010-2015.
Source of the data: The Social Indicators website of the Demographic and
Social Statistics Branch of the United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/Dec.%202012/1c.xls
[15] (December 2012 update).
Rainfall in the
capital city, total mean data are
computed by adding average monthly measurements from the weather stations in
the capital city, unless otherwise noted. The data are official climatological
information supplied by national meteorological and hydrological services. Since the definition of mean rainfall and
averaging periods may be different for different countries, care should be
taken when comparing city climatologies.
Source of the data: The World Meteorological Organization website [27], available at http://www.worldweather.org/
(last accessed 7 February 2013).
Refugees and others
of concern to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR): The 1951 United Nations Convention relating
to the Status of Refugees spells out that a refugee is someone who, owing to a
well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion,
nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group, is
outside the country of his or her nationality and is unable to, or owing to
such fear, is unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that
country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his
or her former habitual residence, is unable or, owing to such fear, unwilling
to return to it. In this series, refugees refer to persons granted a
humanitarian status and/or those granted temporary protection. Included are
persons who have been granted temporary protection on a group basis. The series
also includes returned refugees, asylum-seekers and persons displaced internally
within their own country for reasons that would make them of concern to the
UNHCR if they were outside their country of origin.
Source of the data: The UNHCR Global Trends 2011, Table 1: Refugees,
asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees (refugees and
IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR by country/territory
of asylum, end-2011 [10], available at http://www.unhcr.org/statistics.html
(Annexes, last accessed 2 October 2012). See also the website of the Internal
Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) for further information.
Region: Macro geographical regions arranged according to continents and
component geographical regions used for statistical purposes.
Source of the data: The Standard Country or Area Codes and Geographical
Regions for Statistical Use, Revision 4 (United Nations publication) [21], available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49.htm.
Rural population
growth rate data are based on the
number of persons defined as rural according to national definitions of this concept.
In most cases these definitions are those used in the most recent population
census.
Source of the data: The United Nations Population Division, World
Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision [13] available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM/Urban-Rural-Population.htm
(last accessed 24 April 2012).
Seats held by women
in national parliaments refer to the number
of women in the lower chamber of national parliaments expressed as a percentage
of total occupied seats in the lower or single House.
Source of the data: The
Inter-Parliamentary Union [7], Women in National Parliaments,
Situation as of 30 September 2012, available at http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm.
Sex ratio is calculated as the ratio of the number of men to that of 100 women.
Unless otherwise indicated, the data refer to the year 2012.
Source of the data: The Social Indicators website of the Demographic and
Social Statistics Branch of the United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/Dec.%202012/1a.xls
[15] (December 2012 update).
Surface area, unless otherwise noted, refers to land area plus inland water.
Source of the data: The United Nations Demographic Yearbook 2011 [16], Table 3, available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2011/Table03.xls
(last accessed 23 October 2012).
Telephone
subscribers, total per 100 inhabitants refer
to the sum of main telephone lines and cellular mobile subscribers divided by
the population and multiplied by 100.
Source of the data: The World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database
2012 (16th Edition) of the International Telecommunication Union [8],
available at http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/world/world.html
(last accessed 19 October 2012).
Temperature in the
capital city, mean °C (minimum and maximum):
Data were computed from average monthly measurements from the weather stations
in the capital city, unless otherwise noted. The data are official
climatological information supplied by national meteorological and hydrological
services worldwide. Since the definition of mean temperature and averaging
periods may be different for different countries, care should be taken when
comparing city climatologies.
Source of the data: The World Meteorological Organization website [27], available at http://www.worldweather.org/
(last accessed 7 February 2013).
Threatened species represents the number of plants and animals that are most in need of
conservation attention and are compiled by the World Conservation Union IUCN/
Species Survival Commission (SSC).
Source of the data: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [26] version 2012.2: Table 5, available at www.iucnredlist.org (last accessed 22
October 2012).
Total trade: exports
and imports show the movement of goods
out of and into a country. Goods simply being transported through a country
(goods in transit) or temporarily admitted (except for goods for inward
processing) do not add to the stock of material resources of a country and are
not included in the international merchandise trade statistics. In the “general
trade system”, the definition of the statistical territory of a country
coincides with its economic territory. In the “special trade system”, the
definition of the statistical territory comprises only a particular part of the
economic territory, mainly that part which coincides with the free circulation
area for goods. “The free circulation area” is a part of the economic territory
of a country within which goods “may be disposed of without Customs
restrictions”. In the case of exports, the transaction value is the value at
which the goods were sold by the exporter, including the cost of transportation
and insurance, to bring the goods onto the transporting vehicle at the frontier
of the exporting country (an FOB-type valuation). In the case of imports, the
transaction value is the value at which the goods were purchased by the
importer plus the cost of transportation and insurance to the frontier of the
importing country (a CIF-type valuation). Both imports and exports are shown in
Source of the data: The United Nations Statistics Division’s Commodity
Trade Statistics Database [14] (Comtrade, see http://comtrade.un.org) and the United
Nations International Trade Statistics Yearbook [18].
Tourist arrivals at
national borders: An international tourist
is any person who travels to a country other than that in which he or she has
his or her usual residence but outside his/her usual environment for a period
not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose of visit is other than the
exercise of an activity remunerated from with the country visited, and who
stays at least one night in a collective or private accommodation in the
country visited (see Recommendations on Tourism Statistics of the United
Nations and the World Tourism Organization). Unless otherwise indicated, the
data refer to arrivals of non-resident tourists at national borders.
Source of the data: The United Nations World Tourism Organization
Yearbook of Tourism Statistics [25] (information received by
UNSD as of 11 December 2012).
Unemployment refers to persons above a specified age who during a specified
reference period were: “without work”, i.e. were not in paid employment or
self-employment as defined under employment; “currently available for work”,
i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference
period; and “seeking work”, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent
period to seek paid employment or self-employment. In circumstances where
employment opportunities are particularly limited and where persons not working
do not have easy access to formal channels for seeking employment or face
social and cultural barriers when looking for a job, the “seeking work”
criterion should be relaxed. National definitions of unemployment often differ
from the recommended international standard definitions and thereby limit
international comparability. Inter-country comparisons are also complicated by
the different types of data collection systems used to obtain information on
unemployed persons. Unless otherwise indicated, the data refer to the 15 years
and over age group and are national employment office statistics, usually
labour force surveys, compiled by the ILO. (See ILO’s Current International
Recommendations on Labour Statistics, 2000 Edition).
Source of the data: The LABORSTA Internet [5] an ILO
database, Short term indicators of the labour market, Main dataset, available
at http://laborsta.ilo.org/sti/sti_E.html
(last accessed 15 October 2012).
United Nations
membership dates: The United Nations is an
intergovernmental organization whose members are the countries of the world.
Currently there are 192 Member States of the United Nations, some of which joined
the UN by signing and ratifying the Charter of the United Nations in 1945; the
other countries joined the UN later, through the adoption of a resolution
admitting them to membership. The process usually follows these steps: first,
the country applies for membership and makes a declaration accepting the
obligations of the Charter; second, the Security Council adopts a resolution
recommending that the General Assembly admit the country to membership and
finally the General Assembly adopts a resolution admitting the country.
Source of the data: The List of Member States, available at http://www.un.org/en/members/ [23].
Urban population and
urban population growth rate series
are based on the number of persons defined as urban according to national
definitions of this concept. In most cases these definitions are those used in
the most recent population census.
Source of the data: the
percentage of urban population figures were obtained from the Social Indicators
website of the Demographic and Social Statistics Branch of the United Nations
Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/Dec.%202012/1c.xls
[15] (December 2012 update) and the urban population growth
rate from the United Nations Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects:
The 2011 Revision [13] available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/index.htm
(last accessed 24 April 2012).
[1]
[2]
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
FAOSTAT database, available at http://faostat.fao.org/.
[3]
__________, Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 (FRA
2010) Interactive database, available at http://countrystat.org/home.aspx?c=FOR.
[4]
International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the
Labour Market, 7th edition software, available at http://kilm.ilo.org/kilmnet/.
[5]
__________, LABORSTA Internet database, available at http://laborsta.ilo.org/.
[6]
International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington,
International Financial Statistics (IFS) database.
[7]
Inter-Parliamentary
[8]
International Telecommunication Union (ITU),
[9]
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics,
[10]
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Global
Trends 2011, available at http://www.unhcr.org/statistics.html.
[11]
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
Population Division, Trends in International Migrant Stock: The 2008 Revision
(United Nations database, POP/DB/MIG/Stock/Rev.2008), available at http://esa.un.org/migration/.
[12]
__________, World Population Prospects. The 2010 Revision,
[13]
__________, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision
available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/index.htm.
[14]
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
Statistics Division, Commodity Trade Statistics Database (COMTRADE), available
at http://comtrade.un.org/db/default.aspx.
[15]
__________, Demographic and Social Statistics, Social
Indicators website: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/default.htm
[16]
__________, Demographic Yearbook (Series R, United Nations
publication). See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm.
[17]
__________, Energy Statistics Yearbook (Series J, United
Nations publication). See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/energy/yearbook/default.htm.
[18]
__________, International Trade Statistics Yearbook (Series
G, United Nations publication), available at http://comtrade.un.org/pb/.
[19]
__________, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (Series Q,
United Nations publication). See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mbs/.
[20]
__________, National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main
Aggregates (Series X, United Nations publication). See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/introduction.asp.
[21]
__________, Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical
Use (ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/49/Rev.4),
[22]
United Nations, Department of Management, Office of
Programme Planning, Budget and Accounts, Treasury website: http://www.un.org/Depts/treasury.
[23]
United Nations Member States website: http://www.un.org/en/members/.
[24]
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Homicide
Statistics website: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/homicide.html
[25]
United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO),
[26]
World Conservation Union, The 2012 IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species, available at http://www.iucnredlist.org/.
[27]
World Meteorological Organization, at http://www.worldweather.org/.
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United Nations (2008). Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses Rev.
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United Nations, European Commission, International
Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and World
Bank (2009). System of National Accounts
2008 (SNA 2008), available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/sna2008.asp.
United Nations and World Tourism Organization
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World Health Organization (WHO, 2007). International
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Tenth Revision (ICD-10), (