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Gender Development IndexGo toSearch glossaries

Source: Human Development Indices: A statistical update 2022 | United Nations Development Programme
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Gender Development Index Human Development Index Life expectancy at birth Expected years of schooling Mean years of schooling Estimated  gross national income per capita a
Value (years) (years) (years) (2017 PPP $)
HDI rank Country Value Group b Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male
2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 c 2021 c 2021 c 2021 c 2021 2021
VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
1 Switzerland 0.967 2 0.944 0.976 85.9 82.0 16.4 16.6 13.5 14.2 54,597 79,451 d
2 Norway 0.983 1 0.950 0.966 84.9 81.6 18.9 e 17.5 13.1 12.9 54,699 74,445
3 Iceland 0.976 1 0.947 0.971 84.2 81.2 20.3 e 18.1 f 13.9 13.7 47,136 64,004
4 Hong Kong, China (SAR) 0.976 1 0.941 0.964 88.3 g 82.7 h 17.6 17.0 11.8 12.7 51,735 75,307 d
5 Australia 0.968 2 0.932 0.963 85.8 83.2 h 21.8 e 20.3 f 12.8 12.6 37,486 61,161
6 Denmark 0.980 1 0.937 0.957 83.3 79.5 19.3 e 18.1 f 13.2 12.8 49,876 70,961
7 Sweden 0.988 1 0.941 0.952 84.9 81.1 20.5 e 18.3 f 12.8 12.4 49,580 59,326
8 Ireland 0.987 1 0.934 0.947 83.8 80.2 19.2 e 18.6 f 11.8 i 11.4 i 61,104 91,506 d
9 Germany 0.978 1 0.931 0.952 83.2 78.1 17.0 17.0 13.8 i 14.3 i 46,150 63,143
10 Netherlands 0.968 2 0.925 0.956 83.4 80.0 19.0 e,i 18.4 f,i 12.4 12.8 46,301 65,778
11 Finland 0.989 1 0.934 0.945 84.7 79.3 19.9 e 18.3 f 13.0 12.7 41,698 57,394
12 Singapore 0.992 1 0.935 0.943 84.9 80.6 16.7 16.4 11.6 12.3 75,094 j 105,348 d
13 Belgium 0.978 1 0.925 0.946 84.3 79.4 20.7 e 18.5 f 12.3 12.4 42,533 62,295
13 New Zealand 0.975 1 0.925 0.948 84.3 80.6 20.8 e 19.7 f 12.9 13.0 36,864 51,377
15 Canada 0.988 1 0.929 0.941 84.7 80.6 16.9 15.9 13.9 i 13.7 i 38,652 55,065
16 Liechtenstein .. .. .. .. 85.4 81.1 14.2 16.2 .. .. .. ..
17 Luxembourg 0.993 1 0.925 0.931 84.8 80.4 14.4 14.4 13.0 k 13.0 l 70,117 98,991 d
18 United Kingdom 0.987 1 0.922 0.934 82.8 78.7 17.8 16.8 13.4 13.4 37,374 53,265
19 Japan 0.970 2 0.908 0.936 87.7 g 81.8 15.2 i 15.2 i 13.3 13.4 30,621 54,597
19 Korea (Republic of) 0.944 3 0.894 0.947 86.8 80.4 16.1 16.9 11.9 i 13.2 i 29,300 59,737
21 United States 1.001 1 0.920 0.919 80.2 74.3 16.9 15.6 13.7 13.6 51,539 78,238 d
22 Israel 0.992 1 0.915 0.922 84.3 80.2 16.7 15.4 13.4 i 13.3 i 34,960 48,126
23 Malta 0.980 1 0.907 0.925 86.1 81.4 17.4 16.3 12.0 12.4 30,282 46,821
23 Slovenia 0.999 1 0.915 0.916 83.8 77.6 18.4 e 16.9 12.8 12.8 33,038 46,386
25 Austria 0.980 1 0.906 0.924 84.1 79.0 16.4 15.6 12.0 12.6 43,414 64,148
26 United Arab Emirates 0.953 2 0.877 0.921 80.9 77.2 16.5 15.2 12.5 12.8 28,921 77,318 d
27 Spain 0.986 1 0.896 0.909 85.8 80.2 18.4 e 17.4 10.5 10.7 31,213 45,784
28 France 0.990 1 0.898 0.907 85.5 79.4 16.2 15.5 11.4 11.8 38,403 53,988
29 Cyprus 0.972 2 0.882 0.907 83.2 79.2 15.7 15.6 12.4 12.5 30,617 45,735
30 Italy 0.970 2 0.879 0.906 85.1 80.5 16.6 15.9 10.6 10.9 31,100 55,187
31 Estonia 1.021 1 0.898 0.879 81.2 72.8 16.8 15.1 13.8 13.3 30,995 45,866
32 Czechia 0.989 1 0.884 0.893 80.9 74.7 16.8 15.7 12.7 13.0 30,455 47,289
33 Greece 0.969 2 0.872 0.900 82.9 77.5 20.1 e 20.0 f 11.1 11.7 22,890 35,368
34 Poland 1.008 1 0.878 0.872 80.4 72.6 16.8 15.3 13.3 13.0 25,261 41,336
35 Bahrain 0.927 3 0.829 0.894 80.0 77.8 17.0 15.9 10.8 11.2 16,786 53,359
35 Lithuania 1.030 2 0.888 0.862 78.8 68.8 16.7 15.9 13.6 13.4 33,891 42,500
35 Saudi Arabia 0.917 4 0.826 0.901 78.8 75.6 16.2 16.1 10.7 11.7 20,678 64,708
38 Portugal 0.994 1 0.863 0.867 84.1 77.8 17.0 16.7 9.6 9.5 28,713 38,127
39 Latvia 1.025 1 0.873 0.852 77.8 69.2 16.8 15.6 13.6 12.9 27,882 38,506
40 Andorra .. .. .. .. 84.3 77.2 .. .. 10.5 i 10.6 i .. ..
40 Croatia 0.995 1 0.855 0.859 81.1 74.2 15.9 14.4 11.9 i 12.5 i 23,888 36,713
42 Chile 0.967 2 0.838 0.867 81.4 76.5 17.0 16.5 10.8 i 11.0 i 17,553 31,677
42 Qatar 1.019 1 0.866 0.850 80.9 78.3 14.5 12.1 11.6 i 9.6 i 42,101 104,066 d
44 San Marino .. .. .. .. 83.5 78.4 11.8 12.8 10.9 10.7 .. ..
45 Slovakia 0.999 1 0.847 0.848 78.4 71.5 15.0 14.0 12.9 13.0 24,849 36,813
46 Hungary 0.987 1 0.840 0.851 77.9 71.1 15.3 i 14.8 i 12.1 12.4 25,909 40,262
47 Argentina 0.997 1 0.833 0.836 78.6 72.2 19.2 e 16.6 11.4 i 10.9 i 15,581 26,376
48 Türkiye 0.937 3 0.806 0.860 79.1 73.0 17.9 18.8 f 7.9 9.4 19,079 42,929
49 Montenegro 0.981 1 0.823 0.840 79.8 73.0 15.6 14.6 11.8 i 12.6 i 15,935 26,001
50 Kuwait 1.009 1 0.831 0.824 81.5 77.2 17.0 i 13.9 i 8.1 i 6.9 i 28,086 68,827
51 Brunei Darussalam 0.984 1 0.819 0.833 76.9 72.6 14.4 13.5 9.2 l 9.2 47,579 80,261 d
52 Russian Federation 1.016 1 0.828 0.815 74.8 64.2 16.0 15.6 12.8 k 12.8 k 21,857 33,288
53 Romania 0.994 1 0.819 0.823 77.9 70.6 14.7 13.8 11.0 11.6 24,554 35,874
54 Oman 0.900 4 0.752 0.835 74.7 71.0 15.0 14.5 12.1 11.4 7,169 39,717
55 Bahamas .. .. .. .. 75.1 68.1 .. .. 12.7 i 12.6 i 25,897 35,495
56 Kazakhstan 0.998 1 0.809 0.811 73.1 65.5 16.0 15.5 12.4 i 12.3 i 18,976 29,305
57 Trinidad and Tobago 0.985 1 0.801 0.814 76.4 69.7 14.8 m 14.2 m 11.7 i 11.5 i 16,794 30,166
58 Costa Rica 0.996 1 0.806 0.810 79.8 74.4 17.1 16.0 8.9 8.7 16,568 23,376
58 Uruguay 1.022 1 0.812 0.795 79.3 71.7 17.3 n 15.4 n 9.3 8.7 17,125 25,680
60 Belarus 1.011 1 0.812 0.803 77.7 67.3 15.3 15.0 12.2 12.1 15,158 23,165
61 Panama 1.017 1 0.812 0.798 79.6 73.0 13.6 i 12.5 i 10.8 10.3 23,380 30,531
62 Malaysia 0.982 1 0.794 0.809 77.4 72.7 13.8 12.9 10.6 10.7 20,672 32,380
63 Georgia 1.007 1 0.803 0.798 76.7 66.8 15.9 15.2 12.9 12.8 11,285 18,472
63 Mauritius 0.973 2 0.789 0.811 76.8 70.4 15.9 i 14.5 i 10.0 i 10.9 i 15,016 29,221
63 Serbia 0.982 1 0.794 0.808 77.2 71.2 15.0 13.9 11.0 11.8 15,306 23,270
66 Thailand 1.012 1 0.805 0.796 83.0 74.5 16.2 m 15.6 m 8.6 8.8 15,457 18,694
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
67 Albania 1.007 1 0.799 0.794 79.2 74.1 15.3 13.7 11.7 i 10.9 i 11,637 16,630
68 Bulgaria 0.995 1 0.792 0.796 75.5 68.4 14.2 13.6 11.5 11.3 18,109 28,357
68 Grenada .. .. .. .. 77.9 72.2 19.3 e,i 18.1 f,i .. .. .. ..
70 Barbados 1.034 2 0.799 0.773 79.4 75.6 17.7 i 13.8 i 10.3 o 9.1 o 10,235 14,555
71 Antigua and Barbuda .. .. .. .. 80.9 75.8 15.2 i 13.2 i .. .. .. ..
72 Seychelles .. .. .. .. 75.7 67.7 15.1 12.9 10.2 10.4 .. ..
73 Sri Lanka 0.949 3 0.755 0.795 79.5 73.1 14.5 i 13.8 i 10.8 10.8 7,005 18,573
74 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.940 3 0.754 0.802 77.5 73.1 14.1 p 13.5 p 9.8 11.4 10,709 19,917
75 Saint Kitts and Nevis .. .. .. .. 75.3 68.3 16.0 i 14.9 i .. .. .. ..
76 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.880 5 0.704 0.800 76.8 71.2 14.7 14.5 10.6 i 10.7 i 3,767 22,041
77 Ukraine 1.012 1 0.776 0.766 76.7 66.5 15.0 i 14.9 i 11.5 o 10.7 o 10,370 16,605
78 North Macedonia 0.945 3 0.746 0.789 76.2 71.7 13.9 i 13.4 i 9.7 10.8 11,147 20,716
79 China 0.984 1 0.761 0.773 81.2 75.5 14.8 l 13.7 l 7.3 o 7.9 o 13,980 20,883
80 Dominican Republic 1.014 1 0.772 0.761 76.3 69.3 15.4 i 13.6 i 9.6 n 9.0 n 13,695 22,248
80 Moldova (Republic of) 1.010 1 0.771 0.763 73.5 64.4 14.8 14.1 11.9 11.8 12,087 17,961
80 Palau .. .. .. .. 70.6 62.4 16.0 i 15.5 i .. .. .. ..
83 Cuba 0.961 2 0.745 0.775 76.4 71.2 15.1 13.8 12.6 i 12.4 i 5,103 10,693
84 Peru 0.950 2 0.742 0.781 74.7 70.1 15.2 i 15.5 i 9.3 i 10.5 i 9,813 14,727
85 Armenia 1.001 1 0.757 0.756 77.4 66.6 13.8 12.5 11.3 11.3 8,736 18,558
86 Mexico 0.989 1 0.753 0.761 74.9 66.1 15.2 14.5 9.1 9.4 12,456 23,600
87 Brazil 0.994 1 0.750 0.755 76.0 69.6 16.0 15.2 8.3 i 7.9 i 10,903 17,960
88 Colombia 0.984 1 0.744 0.756 76.4 69.4 14.7 14.2 9.0 8.7 10,281 18,599
89 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.970 2 0.739 0.761 72.4 67.4 14.9 i 14.5 i 10.9 10.7 8,720 15,075
90 Maldives 0.925 3 0.709 0.766 81.0 79.1 14.2 11.9 7.1 7.5 6,359 22,119
91 Algeria 0.880 5 0.680 0.773 78.0 74.9 15.3 m 14.0 m 7.7 i 8.4 i 3,550 17,787
91 Azerbaijan 0.974 2 0.734 0.753 73.3 65.6 13.6 13.4 10.2 10.9 10,536 18,076
91 Tonga 0.965 2 0.728 0.754 73.7 68.4 16.3 l 15.7 l 11.5 o 11.2 o 4,842 8,845
91 Turkmenistan 0.956 2 0.726 0.760 72.7 65.9 13.0 13.4 10.9 11.6 9,227 16,884
95 Ecuador 0.980 1 0.731 0.745 77.5 70.3 14.9 14.3 8.8 8.8 7,451 13,180
96 Mongolia 1.031 2 0.749 0.726 75.7 66.5 15.6 14.4 9.9 8.8 8,541 12,666
97 Egypt 0.882 5 0.666 0.755 72.6 67.9 13.8 i 13.7 i 9.8 i 9.4 i 3,536 19,741
97 Tunisia 0.931 3 0.697 0.748 77.1 70.7 16.5 i 14.5 i 6.9 i 8.0 i 4,870 15,778
99 Fiji 0.931 3 0.698 0.750 68.9 65.4 15.0 l 14.5 l 11.0 i 10.8 i 5,664 14,270
99 Suriname 1.001 1 0.728 0.727 73.6 67.2 14.2 m 11.9 m 9.9 m 9.6 m 8,866 16,506
101 Uzbekistan 0.944 3 0.703 0.744 73.4 68.3 12.4 12.6 11.7 12.1 5,427 10,403
102 Dominica .. .. .. .. 76.3 69.7 14.6 i 12.2 i .. .. .. ..
102 Jordan 0.887 5 0.663 0.748 76.8 72.1 10.8 10.5 10.1 10.8 3,778 15,631
104 Libya 0.975 1 0.708 0.726 74.4 69.6 13.1 q 12.6 q 8.5 r 7.2 r 9,570 20,960
105 Paraguay 0.990 1 0.713 0.720 73.4 67.4 13.6 n 12.4 n 8.9 8.9 9,410 15,265
106 Palestine, State of 0.891 5 0.655 0.735 75.9 71.1 14.3 12.5 9.9 10.0 2,250 10,937
106 Saint Lucia 1.011 1 0.719 0.711 74.7 67.8 13.4 12.4 8.8 8.3 9,991 14,147
108 Guyana 0.978 1 0.704 0.720 69.1 62.5 12.8 i 12.2 i 8.7 8.5 14,735 30,534
109 South Africa 0.944 3 0.686 0.727 65.0 59.5 14.0 13.3 9.7 12.2 9,935 16,129
110 Jamaica 0.990 1 0.704 0.711 72.5 68.5 13.7 m 13.1 l 9.7 i 8.5 i 6,982 10,715
111 Samoa 0.957 2 0.685 0.716 75.5 70.3 13.0 11.9 11.8 11.0 3,223 7,312
112 Gabon 0.908 4 0.667 0.735 68.5 63.5 12.6 q 13.4 q 7.8 s 10.5 s 9,376 17,212
112 Lebanon 0.882 5 0.650 0.737 77.3 72.8 11.1 t 11.5 t 8.5 q 8.9 q 3,815 15,586
114 Indonesia 0.941 3 0.681 0.723 69.7 65.5 13.8 i 13.7 i 8.2 8.9 7,906 14,976
115 Viet Nam 1.002 1 0.704 0.702 78.2 69.1 13.2 u 12.7 u 8.0 8.7 6,932 8,826
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
116 Philippines 0.990 1 0.695 0.702 71.5 67.2 13.5 12.8 9.2 8.7 7,487 10,311
117 Botswana 0.981 1 0.686 0.700 63.6 58.7 12.4 i 12.2 l 10.3 10.4 13,839 18,618
118 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.964 2 0.680 0.705 66.8 60.9 14.9 15.0 9.2 10.5 6,856 9,359
118 Kyrgyzstan 0.966 2 0.675 0.698 74.4 65.8 13.4 13.0 11.6 o 11.1 o 2,863 6,331
120 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.983 1 0.679 0.691 75.2 66.3 13.8 t 11.8 t 11.4 i 10.8 i 2,866 6,796
121 Iraq 0.803 5 0.585 0.728 72.4 68.2 11.5 u 12.7 u 7.2 m 8.4 m 2,184 17,748
122 Tajikistan 0.909 4 0.648 0.713 73.7 69.6 11.2 i 12.1 i 10.9 o 11.8 o 2,980 6,096
123 Belize 0.975 1 0.672 0.689 74.3 67.1 13.3 12.7 9.0 8.7 4,249 8,345
123 Morocco 0.861 5 0.621 0.722 76.4 71.9 13.9 14.4 5.0 6.9 3,194 11,356
125 El Salvador 0.964 2 0.660 0.685 75.1 66.1 12.7 n 12.6 n 6.8 7.6 5,824 11,015
126 Nicaragua 0.956 2 0.648 0.678 76.8 70.8 12.7 l 12.6 n 7.4 6.8 3,646 7,661
127 Bhutan 0.937 3 0.641 0.684 73.8 70.1 13.6 i 12.8 i 4.5 i 5.8 i 6,671 11,896
128 Cabo Verde 0.981 1 0.653 0.666 78.5 69.6 12.8 i 12.3 i 6.0 t 6.6 t 4,682 7,796
129 Bangladesh 0.898 5 0.617 0.688 74.3 70.6 13.0 11.9 6.8 8.0 2,811 8,176
130 Tuvalu .. .. .. .. 69.1 60.8 9.5 i 9.3 i 10.4 10.8 .. ..
131 Marshall Islands .. .. .. .. 67.2 63.7 10.4 10.1 10.7 11.1 .. ..
132 India 0.849 5 0.567 0.668 68.9 65.8 11.9 11.8 6.3 o 7.2 o 2,277 10,633
133 Ghana 0.946 3 0.614 0.649 66.0 61.6 12.1 12.0 7.8 o 9.0 o 4,723 6,771
134 Micronesia (Federated States of) .. .. .. .. 74.6 67.1 .. .. .. .. .. ..
135 Guatemala 0.917 4 0.596 0.650 72.7 66.0 10.5 10.6 5.2 6.2 4,909 12,614
136 Kiribati .. .. .. .. 69.1 65.5 12.4 11.3 .. .. .. ..
137 Honduras 0.960 2 0.607 0.633 72.5 67.9 10.4 n 9.9 n 6.8 7.4 4,271 6,304
138 Sao Tome and Principe 0.907 4 0.584 0.643 70.4 65.2 13.5 13.3 5.6 m 6.8 m 2,415 5,635
139 Namibia 1.004 1 0.616 0.613 63.0 55.7 11.9 v 11.9 v 7.5 o 6.9 o 7,271 10,094
140 Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.949 3 0.591 0.623 70.1 66.2 9.9 10.3 5.0 5.8 6,757 8,627
140 Timor-Leste 0.917 4 0.580 0.633 69.5 66.1 12.2 t 13.0 t 4.7 6.2 3,642 5,248
140 Vanuatu .. .. .. .. 72.9 68.4 11.4 i 11.7 i .. .. 2,354 3,809
143 Nepal 0.942 3 0.584 0.621 70.4 66.6 12.9 12.8 4.2 o 6.2 o 3,677 4,095
144 Eswatini (Kingdom of) 0.986 1 0.593 0.601 61.2 53.4 13.2 i 14.2 i 5.7 5.5 6,384 8,993
145 Equatorial Guinea .. .. .. .. 62.7 58.8 .. .. 4.2 p 7.6 p 8,351 15,399
146 Cambodia 0.926 3 0.570 0.615 72.3 66.8 11.0 w 11.9 w 4.4 5.9 3,464 4,706
146 Zimbabwe 0.961 2 0.580 0.604 62.0 56.2 12.0 i 12.3 i 8.3 i 9.2 i 3,286 4,397
148 Angola 0.903 4 0.557 0.617 64.3 59.0 11.5 12.9 4.2 6.9 4,751 6,197
149 Myanmar 0.944 3 0.565 0.599 69.0 62.5 11.1 l 10.7 l 6.1 6.7 2,619 5,093
150 Syrian Arab Republic 0.825 5 0.503 0.610 75.2 69.1 9.1 9.2 4.6 q 5.6 q 1,285 7,088
151 Cameroon 0.885 5 0.540 0.610 62.0 58.7 12.4 i 13.8 i 4.8 o 7.5 o 2,981 4,264
152 Kenya 0.941 3 0.557 0.592 64.1 58.9 10.3 l 11.1 l 6.1 7.3 3,873 5,084
153 Congo 0.934 3 0.552 0.590 64.9 62.1 12.2 l 12.4 l 5.6 6.8 2,532 3,247
154 Zambia 0.965 2 0.554 0.574 63.9 58.5 10.9 w 11.0 w 7.2 o 7.2 o 2,615 3,837
155 Solomon Islands .. .. .. .. 72.0 68.9 10.8 i 9.9 i .. .. 2,173 2,777
156 Comoros 0.891 5 0.522 0.585 65.8 61.2 12.2 i 11.7 i 4.0 q 6.0 q 2,014 4,260
156 Papua New Guinea 0.931 3 0.538 0.578 68.4 62.9 9.8 v 10.9 v 4.1 5.4 3,543 4,445
158 Mauritania 0.890 5 0.518 0.582 66.1 62.7 9.6 9.2 4.6 o 5.3 o 2,604 7,650
159 Côte d'Ivoire 0.887 5 0.516 0.581 59.9 57.4 10.0 11.3 4.7 o 5.7 o 3,763 6,643
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
160 Tanzania (United Republic of) 0.943 3 0.532 0.565 68.3 64.2 9.3 9.1 5.9 i 6.9 i 2,247 3,092
161 Pakistan 0.810 5 0.471 0.582 68.6 63.8 8.1 9.2 3.9 5.0 1,569 7,620
162 Togo 0.849 5 0.497 0.586 62.4 60.8 12.2 i 14.3 i 3.4 o 6.8 o 1,885 2,446
163 Haiti 0.898 5 0.506 0.564 66.1 60.4 9.0 t 10.4 t 4.6 6.8 2,408 3,295
163 Nigeria 0.863 5 0.495 0.574 53.1 52.3 9.6 v 10.8 v 6.1 w 8.2 w 3,759 5,800
165 Rwanda 0.954 2 0.521 0.547 68.2 63.8 11.2 11.2 4.0 i 4.9 i 1,990 2,440
166 Benin 0.880 5 0.491 0.558 61.4 58.2 9.9 11.6 3.3 o 5.4 o 2,998 3,819
166 Uganda 0.927 3 0.505 0.545 64.9 60.4 10.2 v 10.1 v 4.9 o 6.7 o 1,877 2,492
168 Lesotho 0.985 1 0.511 0.519 55.9 50.4 12.4 i 11.7 i 6.6 o 6.0 o 2,107 3,310
169 Malawi 0.968 2 0.502 0.519 66.5 59.5 12.8 i 12.5 i 4.1 o 4.7 o 1,232 1,713
170 Senegal 0.874 5 0.475 0.543 69.3 64.8 9.5 8.5 1.6 i 4.5 i 2,258 4,468
171 Djibouti .. .. .. .. 65.0 59.7 7.5 i 7.4 i .. .. 2,179 7,911
172 Sudan 0.870 5 0.466 0.535 67.9 62.7 7.7 i 8.1 i 3.4 4.2 1,833 5,320
173 Madagascar 0.956 2 0.490 0.512 66.9 62.2 10.2 i 10.1 i 4.9 v 5.3 v 1,284 1,682
174 Gambia 0.924 4 0.481 0.520 63.5 60.7 10.3 v 8.5 v 3.8 5.6 1,649 2,701
175 Ethiopia 0.921 4 0.478 0.519 68.3 61.9 9.8 i 9.6 i 2.2 4.2 1,944 2,774
176 Eritrea .. .. .. .. 68.7 64.3 7.5 i 8.6 i .. .. 1,387 2,079
177 Guinea-Bissau 0.867 5 0.448 0.517 61.8 57.4 10.0 l 11.2 l 2.4 4.9 1,561 2,264
178 Liberia 0.871 5 0.447 0.513 62.1 59.4 10.1 10.8 3.9 6.3 1,062 1,518
179 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 0.885 5 0.449 0.507 61.5 57.0 9.6 i 10.1 i 5.6 m 8.5 m 896 1,259
180 Afghanistan 0.681 5 0.365 0.536 65.3 58.9 7.7 i 12.7 i 2.3 3.4 533 3,089
181 Sierra Leone 0.893 5 0.452 0.506 61.4 58.8 9.6 l 9.9 l 3.5 o 5.8 o 1,453 1,789
182 Guinea 0.850 5 0.426 0.501 60.1 57.6 8.6 i 11.0 i 1.3 i 3.2 i 2,320 2,645
183 Yemen 0.496 5 0.263 0.529 67.1 60.6 7.7 10.5 2.9 x 5.1 x 176 2,428
184 Burkina Faso 0.903 4 0.425 0.471 61.0 57.5 9.1 9.2 1.6 i 2.7 i 1,659 2,580
185 Mozambique 0.922 4 0.428 0.464 62.4 56.2 9.8 i 10.7 i 2.4 i 4.1 i 1,096 1,304
186 Mali 0.887 5 0.399 0.450 60.3 57.6 6.8 i 7.9 i 2.4 2.2 1,483 2,770
187 Burundi 0.935 3 0.412 0.441 63.6 59.7 10.9 i 10.5 i 2.5 i 3.9 i 668 797
188 Central African Republic 0.810 5 0.359 0.443 56.3 51.6 6.7 i 9.4 i 3.1 5.6 770 1,162
189 Niger 0.835 5 0.364 0.436 62.8 60.4 6.3 i 7.6 i 1.7 o 2.8 o 936 1,535
190 Chad 0.770 5 0.339 0.441 54.3 50.8 6.6 i 9.5 i 1.5 v 3.7 v 965 1,760
191 South Sudan 0.843 5 0.348 0.413 56.5 53.4 4.5 i 6.6 i 4.8 6.2 664 873
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of) .. .. .. .. 75.7 70.8 10.4 t 11.1 t .. .. .. ..
Monaco .. .. .. .. 87.7 g 84.3 h .. .. .. .. .. ..
Nauru .. .. .. .. 67.3 60.3 13.1 i 10.4 i .. .. .. ..
Somalia .. .. .. .. 57.4 53.2 .. .. .. .. 545 1,489
Human development groups
Very high human development 0.986 ? 0.889 0.901 81.6 75.6 16.9 16.1 12.2 12.4 33,849 53,887
High human development 0.973 ? 0.742 0.763 77.7 71.9 14.6 13.8 8.1 8.5 11,187 19,089
Medium human development 0.880 ? 0.586 0.666 69.4 65.6 12.0 11.9 6.5 7.4 2,912 9,668
Low human development 0.864 ? 0.477 0.552 63.4 59.3 9.0 9.9 4.1 5.7 1,907 4,107
Developing countries 0.937 ? 0.660 0.704 72.3 67.6 12.3 12.3 7.2 7.9 7,097 14,230
Regions
Arab States 0.871 ? 0.645 0.741 73.1 68.9 12.2 12.5 7.6 8.6 4,745 21,667
East Asia and the Pacific 0.978 ? 0.740 0.756 78.5 72.9 14.2 13.4 7.6 8.1 12,357 18,711
Europe and Central Asia 0.961 ? 0.778 0.810 76.4 69.4 15.3 15.6 10.4 10.8 13,162 25,834
Latin America and the Caribbean 0.986 ? 0.747 0.757 75.6 68.8 15.2 14.4 9.0 9.0 10,667 18,486
South Asia 0.852 ? 0.568 0.667 69.8 66.1 11.5 11.6 6.3 7.3 2,352 10,426
Sub-Saharan Africa 0.907 ? 0.519 0.572 62.1 58.2 10.0 10.6 5.1 6.9 2,970 4,429
Least developed countries 0.894 ? 0.508 0.568 66.6 61.9 10.0 10.4 4.5 6.0 1,993 3,777
Small island developing states 0.962 ? 0.715 0.743 73.1 67.8 12.5 12.4 8.9 9.4 12,634 20,928
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 0.985 ? 0.891 0.905 82.0 76.1 16.8 16.1 12.2 12.4 35,117 55,363
World 0.958 ? 0.715 0.747 74.0 68.9 12.9 12.7 8.4 8.9 12,241 21,210
Notes
a. Because disaggregated income data are not available, data are crudely estimated. See Definitions and Technical note 3 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2022_technical_notes.pdf for details on how the Gender Development Index is calculated.
b. Countries are divided into five groups by absolute deviation from gender parity in HDI values.
c. Data refer to 2021 or the most recent year available.
d. In calculating the male HDI value, estimated gross national income per capita is capped at $75,000.
e. In calculating the female HDI value, expected years of schooling is capped at 18 years.
f. In calculating the male HDI value, expected years of schooling is capped at 18 years.
g. In calculating the female HDI value, life expectancy at birth is capped at 87.5 years.
h. In calculating the male HDI value, life expectancy at birth is capped at 82.5 years.
i. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2022).
j. In calculating the female HDI value, estimated gross national income per capita is capped at $75,000.
k. Updated by HDRO based on data from OECD (2022) and UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2022).
l. HDRO estimate based on data from Robert Barro and Jong-Wha Lee, ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics.
m. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2022) and UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for various years.
n. Updated by HDRO based on data from CEDLAS and World Bank (2022) and UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2022).
o. Updated by HDRO based on data from Barro and Lee (2018) and UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2022).
p. Based on data from the national statistical office.
q. Based on cross-country regression.
r. Updated by HDRO using projections from Barro and Lee (2018).
s. Updated by HDRO based on data from Barro and Lee (2018) and ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys for various years.
t. Updated by HDRO based on data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics for various years.
u. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for various years.
v. Updated by HDRO based on data from ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys for various years and UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2022).
w. Updated by HDRO based on data from ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys for various years.
x. Based on projections from Barro and Lee (2018).
Definitions
Gender Development Index: Ratio of female to male HDI values. See Technical note 3 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2022_technical_notes.pdf for details on how the Gender Development Index is calculated.
Gender Development Index groups: Countries are divided into five groups by absolute deviation from gender parity in HDI values. Group 1 comprises countries with high equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation of less than 2.5 percent), group 2 comprises countries with medium to high equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation of 2.5?5 percent), group 3 comprises countries with medium equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation of 5?7.5 percent), group 4 comprises countries with medium to low equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation of 7.5?10 percent) and group 5 comprises countries with low equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation from gender parity of more than 10 percent).
Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development?a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. See Technical note 1 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2022_technical_notes.pdf for details on how the HDI is calculated.
Life expectancy at birth: Number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout the infant's life.
Expected years of schooling: Number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout the child's life.
Mean years of schooling: Average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and older, converted from educational attainment levels using official durations of each level.
Estimated gross national income per capita: Derived from the ratio of female to male wages, female and male shares of economically active population and gross national income (in 2017 purchasing power parity terms). See Technical note 3 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2022_technical_notes.pdf for details.
Main data sources
Column 1: Calculated based on data in columns 3 and 4.
Column 2: Calculated based on data in column 1.
Columns 3 and 4: HDRO calculations based on data from Barro and Lee (2018), ILO (2022), IMF (2022), UNDESA (2022a), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2022), United Nations Statistics Division (2022) and World Bank (2022).
Columns 5 and 6: UNDESA (2022a).
Columns 7 and 8: CEDLAS and World Bank (2022), ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys, UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2022) and UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.
Columns 9 and 10: Barro and Lee (2018), ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys, OECD (2022), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2022) and UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.
Columns 11 and 12: HDRO calculations based on ILO (2022), IMF (2022), UNDESA (2022a), United Nations Statistics Division (2022) and World Bank (2022).
Statistical references
Note: Statistical references relate to statistical mate­rial presented in this Statistical Annex and in the full set of statistical tables posted at https://hdr.undp.org/ human-development-report-2021-22. 
Barro, R. J., and J.‑W. Lee. 2018. Dataset of Education­al Attainment, June 2018 Revision. http://www.barrolee.com. Accessed 7 April 2022. 
CEDLAS (Center for Distributive, Labor and Social Studies) and World Bank. 2022. Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean. https://www.cedlas.econo.unlp.edu.ar/wp/en/estadisticas/sedlac/estadisticas/. Accessed 7 April 2022. 
Eurostat. 2021. European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. EUSILC UDB 2021 ? version of November 2021. Brussels. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/microdata/european-union-statistics-on-income-and-living-conditions. Accessed 8 February 2022. 
Global Carbon Project. 2022. Global Carbon Atlas. https://www.globalcarbonproject.org/. Accessed 23 June 2022. 
ICF Macro. Various years. Demographic and Health Surveys. https://dhsprogram.com. Accessed 6 May 2022. 
ILO (International Labour Organization). 2022. ILO­STAT database. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/. Accessed 14 April 2022. 
IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2021. World Eco­nomic Outlook database. Washington, DC. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October. Accessed 21 April 2022.
IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2022. World Eco­nomic Outlook database. Washington, DC. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April. Accessed 21 April 2022. 
IPU (Inter‑Parliamentary Union). 2022. Parline da­tabase: Monthly ranking of women in national parlia­ments. https://data.ipu.org/women-ranking. Accessed 14 April 2022. 
LIS (Luxembourg Income Study). 2022. Luxembourg Income Study Project. https://www.lisdatacenter.org/data-access. Accessed 31 March 2022. 
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development). 2022. OECD.Stat. https://stats.oecd.org/. Accessed 7 April 2022. 
UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs). 2019. World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision. Rev 1. New York. https://population.un.org/wpp/. Accessed 8 July 2021. 
UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs). 2022a. World Population Pros­pects: The 2022 Revision. New York. https://population.un.org/wpp/. Accessed 11 July 2022. 
UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs). 2022b. World Economic Situation and Prospects 2022. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/publication/world-economic-situation-and-prospects-2022/. Accessed 4 May 2022. 
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). 2022. World Environment Situation Room, Data down­loader. https://wesr.unep.org/downloader. Accessed 23 June 2022.
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Institute for Statistics. 2022. UIS Developer Portal, Bulk Data Download Service. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds. Accessed 28 April 2022. 
UNICEF (United Nations Children?s Fund). Various years. Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. New York. http://mics.unicef.org. Accessed 11 March 2022. 
United Nations Statistics Division. 2022. National Accounts Main Aggregates Database. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama. Accessed 27 April 2022. 
WHO (World Health Organization), UNICEF (United Nations Children?s Fund), UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund), World Bank Group and United Na­tions Population Division. 2019. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. Geneva: World Health Organiza­tion. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/327595. Accessed 7 February 2022. 
World Bank. 2021. World Development Indicators da­tabase. Washington, DC. http://data.worldbank.org. Accessed 8 July 2021. 
World Bank. 2022. World Development Indicators da­tabase. Washington, DC. http://data.worldbank.org. Accessed 28 April 2022. 
World Inequality Database. 2022. World Inequality Database. http://wid.world. Accessed 6 July 2022.
Source

Human Development Indices: A statistical update 2022

Source:  United Nations Development Programme

The Human Development Report is a reliable source and an alternative perspective on critical issues for human development worldwide. Featuring the Human Development Index, every report presents agenda-setting data and analysis and calls international attention to issues and policy options that put people at the center of strategies to meet the challenges of development today - economic, social, political, and cultural.
Last update in UNdata: 2022/12/12
Next update in UNdata: 2023/12/01
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