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Multidimensional Poverty IndexGo toSearch glossaries

Source: Human Development Indices: A statistical update 2025 | United Nations Development Programme
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SGD 1.2   SGD 1.1
Year and survey b Multidimensional Poverty Index a Population in multidimensional poverty a Population vulnerable to multidimensional poverty a Contribution of deprivation in dimension to overall multidimensional poverty a Population living below monetary poverty line (%)
percentage of poor   Number (in survey year)   Number in 2022   Intensity of deprivation   Inequality among the poor   Population in severe multidimensional poverty   Health   Education   Standard of living   National poverty line   PPP $2.15 a day  
Country 2012-2023   Value   (%)   (thousands)   (thousands)   (%)   Value   (%)   (%)   (%)   (2012-2023) d (2012-2023) d
Estimates based on surveys for 2018-2023
Afghanistan 2022/2023 M 0.360 c 64.9 c 26,897 c 26,329 c 55.5 c 0.020 c 39.1 c 19.9 c 24.1 c 42.5 c 33.4 c 54.5 ..
Albania 2017/2018 D 0.003 0.7 20 20 39.1 .. e 0.1 5.0 28.3 55.1 16.7 22.0 0.0
Algeria 2018/2019 M 0.005 1.4 598 628 39.2 0.007 0.2 3.6 31.2 49.3 19.5 .. ..
Argentina 2019/2020 M f 0.001 g 0.4 g 195 g 196 g 34.0 g .. e 0.0 g 1.6 g 69.7 g 21.4 g 8.9 g 39.2 0.6
Bangladesh 2019 M 0.104 24.6 40,636 41,737 42.2 0.010 6.5 18.2 17.3 37.6 45.1 18.7 5.0
Benin 2021/2022 M 0.290 55.9 7,695 7,695 51.8 0.021 30.8 17.8 18.9 38.8 42.3 38.5 12.7
Bhutan 2022 N 0.039 g,j 9.8 g,j 76 g,j 76 g,j 39.4 g,j 0.008 g,j 1.6 g,j 8.3 g,j 65.4 g,j 17.5 g,j 17.1 g,j 12.4 0.0
Burkina Faso 2021 D 0.343 64.5 14,181 14,513 53.2 0.022 38.3 15.8 19.6 39.2 41.1 43.2 25.3
Cambodia 2021/2022 D 0.070 16.6 2,863 2,863 42.3 0.009 4.1 20.5 21.5 48.0 30.5 17.7 ..
Cameroon 2018 D 0.232 43.6 10,814 12,046 53.2 0.026 24.6 17.6 25.2 27.6 47.1 37.5 23.0
Central African Republic 2018/2019 M 0.461 80.4 3,976 4,100 57.4 0.025 55.8 12.9 20.2 27.8 52.0 68.8 65.7
Chad 2019 M 0.517 84.2 14,045 15,535 61.4 0.024 64.6 10.7 19.1 36.6 44.3 42.3 30.8
Comoros 2022 M 0.084 19.2 160 160 43.9 0.013 5.7 19.4 22.7 34.4 42.9 42.4 18.6
Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 2017/2018 M 0.331 64.5 58,097 66,064 51.3 0.020 36.8 17.4 23.1 19.9 57.0 63.9 78.9
Costa Rica 2018 M 0.002 c,g 0.5 c,g 27 c,g 27 c,g 37.1 c,g .. e 0.0 c,g 2.4 c,g 40.5 c,g 41.0 c,g 18.5 c,g 25.5 0.9
Côte d'Ivoire 2021 D 0.210 42.8 12,678 13,001 49.1 0.018 19.7 19.6 21.3 42.1 36.6 37.5 9.7
Cuba 2019 M 0.003 g 0.7 g 79 g 78 g 38.1 g .. e 0.1 g 2.7 g 10.1 g 39.8 g 50.1 g .. ..
Dominican Republic 2019 M 0.009 2.3 247 255 38.8 0.006 0.2 4.8 14.6 46.2 39.2 23.9 0.8
Ecuador 2018 N 0.008 2.1 357 373 38.0 0.004 0.1 5.9 33.9 27.3 38.8 25.2 3.2
Eswatini (Kingdom of) 2021/2022 M 0.033 c 7.9 c 96 c 96 c 41.3 c 0.008 c 1.3 c 19.0 c 31.1 c 28.6 c 40.3 c 58.9 36.1
Ethiopia 2019 D 0.367 68.7 79,554 86,185 53.3 0.022 41.9 18.4 14.0 31.5 54.5 23.5 27.0
Fiji 2021 M 0.006 1.5 14 14 38.1 .. e 0.2 7.4 38.0 17.4 44.6 24.1 1.3
Gabon 2019/2021 D 0.037 8.6 206 210 42.4 0.010 2.3 14.9 34.6 24.4 41.0 33.4 2.5
Gambia 2019/2020 D 0.198 41.7 1,049 1,100 47.5 0.016 17.3 28.0 32.7 33.0 34.3 53.4 17.2
Georgia 2018 M 0.001 g 0.3 g 13 g 13 g 36.6 g .. e 0.0 g 2.1 g 47.1 g 23.8 g 29.1 g 15.6 5.5
Ghana 2022 D 0.113 24.8 8,221 8,221 45.5 0.016 8.4 20.0 25.1 28.9 46.0 23.4 25.2
Guinea 2018 D 0.373 66.2 8,412 9,306 56.4 0.025 43.5 16.4 21.4 38.4 40.3 43.7 13.8
Guinea-Bissau 2018/2019 M 0.341 64.4 1,267 1,356 52.9 0.021 35.9 20.0 19.1 35.0 45.8 47.7 26.0
Guyana 2019/2020 M 0.007 p 1.8 p 15 p 15 p 39.3 p 0.007 p 0.2 p 6.5 p 30.4 p 22.4 p 47.2 p .. ..
Honduras 2019 M 0.051 12.0 1,191 1,253 42.7 0.011 3.0 14.8 18.8 39.2 42.0 48.0 12.7
India 2019/2021 D 0.069 16.4 231,828 233,667 42.0 0.010 4.2 18.7 32.2 28.2 39.7 .. 12.9
Iraq 2018 M 0.033 8.6 3,477 3,806 37.9 0.005 1.3 5.2 33.1 60.9 6.0 18.9 0.1
Jamaica 2018 N 0.011 i 2.8 i 78 i 79 i 38.9 i 0.005 i 0.2 i 5.0 i 52.2 i 20.9 i 26.9 i 19.9 0.3
Jordan 2017/2018 D 0.002 0.4 45 49 35.4 .. e 0.0 0.7 37.5 53.5 9.0 15.7 ..
Kenya 2022 D 0.113 25.4 13,754 13,754 44.7 0.015 7.5 26.4 25.6 15.6 58.8 36.1 36.1
Kiribati 2018/2019 M 0.080 19.8 25 26 40.5 0.006 3.5 30.2 30.3 12.1 57.6 21.9 1.7
Kyrgyzstan 2018 M 0.001 0.4 25 27 36.3 .. e 0.0 5.2 64.6 17.9 17.5 33.3 0.7
Lesotho 2018 M 0.084 c 19.6 c 428 c 448 c 43.0 c 0.009 c 5.0 c 28.6 c 21.9 c 18.1 c 60.0 c 49.7 32.4
Liberia 2019/2020 D 0.259 52.3 2,694 2,811 49.6 0.018 24.9 23.3 19.7 28.6 51.7 50.9 27.6
Madagascar 2021 D 0.386 68.4 20,314 20,825 56.4 0.026 45.8 15.4 17.8 31.6 50.6 70.7 80.7
Malawi 2019/2020 M 0.231 49.9 9,744 10,260 46.3 0.012 17.5 27.5 18.6 25.5 55.9 50.7 70.1
Mali 2018 D 0.376 68.3 13,968 15,766 55.0 0.022 44.7 15.3 19.6 41.2 39.3 44.6 20.8
Mauritania 2019/2021 D 0.327 58.4 2,767 2,850 56.0 0.024 38.0 12.3 17.7 42.4 39.9 31.8 5.4
Mexico 2022 N 0.020 q,r 5.0 q,r 6,434 q,r 6,434 q,r 39.8 q,r 0.006 q,r 0.9 q,r 3.1 q,r 62.7 q,r 12.8 q,r 24.4 q,r 36.3 1.2
Mongolia 2018 M 0.028 s 7.3 s 230 s 246 s 38.8 s 0.004 s 0.8 s 15.5 s 21.1 s 26.8 s 52.1 s 27.8 0.2
Montenegro 2018 M 0.005 1.2 8 8 39.6 .. e 0.1 2.9 58.5 22.3 19.2 20.3 2.0
Morocco 2017/2018 P 0.027 t 6.4 t 2,279 t 2,374 t 42.0 t 0.012 t 1.4 t 10.9 t 24.4 t 46.8 t 28.8 t 4.8 1.4
Mozambique 2022/2023 D 0.334 60.7 20,407 19,813 55.1 0.022 38.8 16.9 17.3 33.2 49.5 46.1 74.5
Nepal 2022 D 0.085 20.1 5,963 5,963 42.5 0.011 5.5 20.2 28.8 30.6 40.6 .. ..
Nigeria 2021 M 0.175 j,u 33.0 j,u 72,211 j,u 73,738 j,u 52.9 j,u 0.027 j,u 18.1 j,u 16.6 j,u 19.5 j,u 35.5 j,u 45.0 j,u 40.1 30.9
North Macedonia 2018/2019 M 0.001 0.4 7 7 38.2 .. e 0.1 2.2 29.6 52.6 17.8 21.8 2.7
Pakistan 2017/2018 D 0.198 38.3 86,987 93,416 51.7 0.023 21.5 12.9 27.6 41.3 31.1 21.9 4.9
Palestine, State of 2019/2020 M 0.002 0.6 29 30 35.0 .. e 0.0 1.3 62.9 31.0 6.1 29.2 0.5
Papua New Guinea 2016/2018 D 0.263 j 56.6 j 5,320 j 5,778 j 46.5 j 0.016 j 25.8 j 25.3 j 4.6 j 30.1 j 65.3 j .. ..
Peru 2022 N 0.025 6.4 2,136 2,136 38.9 0.006 0.9 10.0 15.5 32.7 51.9 27.5 2.7
Philippines 2022 D 0.016 j 3.9 j 4,429 j 4,429 j 40.6 j 0.008 j 0.7 j 5.2 j 24.6 j 32.7 j 42.7 j 18.1 3.0
Rwanda 2019/2020 D 0.231 48.8 6,379 6,665 47.3 0.014 19.7 22.7 19.0 26.6 54.4 38.2 52.0
Samoa 2019/2020 M 0.025 6.3 13 14 39.1 0.003 0.5 12.9 36.9 31.2 31.9 21.9 1.2
Sao Tome and Principe 2019 M 0.048 11.7 25 27 40.9 0.007 2.1 17.0 18.7 36.6 44.6 55.5 15.7
Senegal 2019 D 0.263 50.8 8,313 8,972 51.7 0.019 27.7 18.2 20.7 48.4 30.9 .. 9.9
Serbia 2019 M 0.000 g,v 0.1 g,v 8 g,v 8 g,v 38.1 g,v .. e 0.0 g,v 2.1 g,v 30.9 g,v 40.1 g,v 29.0 g,v 20.0 1.2
Seychelles 2019 N 0.003 c,w 0.9 c,w 1 c,w 1 c,w 34.2 c,w .. e 0.0 c,w 0.4 c,w 66.8 c,w 32.1 c,w 1.1 c,w 25.3 0.5
Sierra Leone 2019 D 0.293 59.2 4,579 4,902 49.5 0.019 28.0 21.3 23.0 24.1 53.0 56.8 26.1
Suriname 2018 M 0.011 2.9 17 18 39.4 0.007 0.4 4.0 20.4 43.8 35.8 .. 1.1
Tanzania (United Republic of) 2022 D 0.221 47.2 30,554 30,554 46.9 0.014 18.3 23.1 24.2 22.6 53.2 26.4 44.9
Thailand 2022 M 0.002 g 0.5 g 352 g 352 g 37.0 g 0.003 g 0.0 g 4.7 g 31.2 g 54.0 g 14.7 g 6.3 0.0
Tonga 2019 M 0.003 0.9 1 1 38.1 .. e 0.0 6.4 38.2 40.7 21.1 20.6 0.0
Trinidad and Tobago 2022 M 0.002 j 0.5 j 8 j 8 j 38.8 j 0.005 j 0.1 j 0.8 j 64.2 j 23.7 j 12.1 j .. ..
Tunisia 2023 M 0.003 1.0 119 118 35.2 0.002 0.0 2.8 28.1 61.8 10.1 16.6 0.3
Turkmenistan 2019 M 0.001 c 0.2 c 17 c 18 c 34.0 c .. e 0.0 c 0.3 c 82.4 c 15.5 c 2.1 c .. ..
Tuvalu 2019/2020 M 0.008 2.1 0 0 38.2 0.002 0.0 12.2 36.5 43.6 20.0 .. ..
Uzbekistan 2021/2022 M 0.006 j,x 1.7 j,x 604 j,x 604 j,x 35.3 j,x 0.001 j,x 0.0 j,x 0.2 j,x 94.5 j,x 0.0 j,x 5.5 j,x 14.1 2.3
Viet Nam 2020/2021 M 0.008 j 1.9 j 1,899 j 1,913 j 40.3 j 0.010 j 0.4 j 3.5 j 22.9 j 40.7 j 36.4 j 4.3 1.0
Yemen 2022/2023 M 0.188 o 37.4 o 14,740 o 14,303 o 50.2 o 0.019 o 17.0 o 22.5 o 28.4 o 31.7 o 39.9 o 48.6 19.8
Zambia 2018 D 0.232 47.9 8,610 9,654 48.4 0.015 21.0 23.9 21.5 25.0 53.5 60.0 64.3
Zimbabwe 2019 M 0.110 25.8 3,940 4,146 42.6 0.009 6.8 26.3 23.6 17.3 59.2 38.3 39.8
Estimates based on surveys for 2012-2017
Angola 2015/2016 D 0.282 51.1 14,914 18,211 55.3 0.024 32.5 15.5 21.2 32.1 46.8 32.3 31.1
Armenia 2015/2016 D 0.001 h 0.2 h 6 h 5 h 36.2 h .. e 0.0 h 2.8 h 33.1 h 36.8 h 30.1 h 24.8 0.8
Barbados 2012 M 0.009 i 2.5 i 7 i 7 i 34.2 i .. e 0.0 i 0.5 i 96.0 i 0.7 i 3.3 i .. ..
Belize 2015/2016 M 0.017 4.3 16 17 39.8 0.007 0.6 8.4 39.5 20.9 39.6 .. ..
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 2016 N 0.038 9.1 1,013 1,094 41.7 0.008 1.9 12.1 18.7 31.5 49.8 36.4 2.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2011/2012 M 0.008 i 2.2 i 80 i 70 i 37.9 i 0.002 i 0.1 i 4.1 i 79.7 i 7.2 i 13.1 i 16.9 ..
Botswana 2015/2016 N 0.073 k 17.2 k 385 k 420 k 42.2 k 0.008 k 3.5 k 19.7 k 30.3 k 16.5 k 53.2 k 16.1 15.4
Brazil 2015 N l 0.016 g,j,l 3.8 g,j,l 7,748 g,j,l 8,080 g,j,l 42.5 g,j,l 0.008 g,j,l 0.9 g,j,l 6.2 g,j,l 49.8 g,j,l 22.9 g,j,l 27.3 g,j,l .. 3.5
Burundi 2016/2017 D 0.409 h 75.1 h 8,641 h 10,004 h 54.4 h 0.022 h 46.1 h 15.8 h 23.8 h 27.2 h 49.0 h 64.9 62.1
China 2014 N m 0.016 n,o 3.9 n,o 53,922 n,o 55,369 n,o 41.4 n,o 0.005 n,o 0.3 n,o 17.4 n,o 35.2 n,o 39.2 n,o 25.6 n,o 0.0 0.1
Colombia 2015/2016 D 0.020 j 4.8 j 2,299 j 2,507 j 40.6 j 0.009 j 0.8 j 6.2 j 12.0 j 39.5 j 48.5 j 36.6 6.0
Congo 2014/2015 M 0.112 24.3 1,237 1,465 46.0 0.013 9.4 21.3 23.4 20.2 56.4 .. ..
Egypt 2014 D 0.020 c,h 5.2 c,h 5,109 c,h 5,900 c,h 37.6 c,h 0.004 c,h 0.6 c,h 6.1 c,h 40.0 c,h 53.1 c,h 6.9 c,h 29.7 1.5
El Salvador 2014 M 0.032 7.9 484 494 41.3 0.009 1.7 9.9 15.5 43.4 41.1 26.6 3.4
Guatemala 2014/2015 D 0.134 28.9 4,613 5,155 46.2 0.013 11.2 21.1 26.3 35.0 38.7 59.3 9.5
Haiti 2016/2017 D 0.200 41.3 4,464 4,747 48.4 0.019 18.5 21.8 18.5 24.6 57.0 58.5 29.2
Indonesia 2017 D 0.014 j 3.6 j 9,675 j 10,091 j 38.7 j 0.006 j 0.4 j 4.7 j 34.7 j 26.8 j 38.5 j 9.4 1.9
Kazakhstan 2015 M 0.002 g,h 0.5 g,h 82 g,h 91 g,h 35.6 g,h .. e 0.0 g,h 1.8 g,h 90.4 g,h 3.1 g,h 6.4 g,h 5.2 0.0
Lao People's Democratic Republic 2017 M 0.108 23.1 1,619 1,744 47.0 0.016 9.6 21.2 21.5 39.7 38.8 18.3 7.1
Libya 2014 P 0.007 2.0 128 144 37.1 0.003 0.1 11.4 39.0 48.6 12.4 .. ..
Maldives 2016/2017 D 0.003 0.8 4 4 34.4 .. e 0.0 4.8 80.7 15.1 4.2 5.4 0.0
Moldova (Republic of) 2012 M 0.004 0.9 33 29 37.4 .. e 0.1 3.7 9.2 42.4 48.4 31.1 0.0
Myanmar 2015/2016 D 0.176 38.3 19,731 20,597 45.9 0.015 13.8 21.9 18.5 32.3 49.2 24.8 2.0
Namibia 2013 D 0.185 h 40.9 h 921 h 1,181 h 45.2 h 0.013 h 13.1 h 19.2 h 31.6 h 13.9 h 54.4 h 17.4 15.6
Nicaragua 2011/2012 D 0.074 h 16.5 h 971 h 1,108 h 45.3 h 0.013 h 5.6 h 13.4 h 11.5 h 36.2 h 52.3 h 24.9 3.9
Niger 2012 D 0.601 h 91.0 h 16,226 h 23,027 h 66.1 h 0.026 h 76.3 h 4.9 h 21.4 h 36.7 h 41.8 h 40.8 50.6
Paraguay 2016 M 0.019 4.5 281 304 41.9 0.013 1.0 7.2 14.3 38.9 46.8 24.7 1.3
Saint Lucia 2012 M 0.007 i 1.9 i 3 i 3 i 37.5 i .. e 0.0 i 1.6 i 69.5 i 7.5 i 23.0 i 0.3 0.1
South Africa 2016 D 0.025 6.3 3,583 3,903 39.8 0.005 0.9 12.2 39.5 13.1 47.4 55.5 20.5
Sri Lanka 2016 N 0.011 2.9 640 667 38.3 0.004 0.3 14.3 32.5 24.4 43.0 14.3 1.0
Sudan 2014 M 0.279 52.3 20,315 25,841 53.4 0.023 30.9 17.7 21.1 29.2 49.8 .. 15.3
Tajikistan 2017 D 0.029 7.4 676 758 39.0 0.004 0.7 20.1 47.8 26.5 25.8 22.5 6.1
Timor-Leste 2016 D 0.222 h 48.3 h 593 h 661 h 45.9 h 0.014 h 17.4 h 26.8 h 29.3 h 23.1 h 47.6 h 41.8 24.4
Togo 2017 M 0.180 37.6 3,030 3,419 47.8 0.016 15.2 23.8 20.9 28.1 50.9 45.5 26.6
Uganda 2016 D 0.281 h 57.2 h 22,181 h 27,048 h 49.2 h 0.017 h 25.7 h 23.6 h 24.0 h 21.6 h 54.5 h 20.3 42.1
Ukraine 2012 M 0.001 h,j 0.2 h,j 113 h,j 100 h,j 34.4 h,j .. e 0.0 h,j 0.4 h,j 60.5 h,j 28.4 h,j 11.2 h,j 1.6 0.0
Developing countries — 0.089 18.3 1,085,191 1,148,746 48.5 0.017 8.0 14.8 24.3 32.0 43.6 19.4 11.5
Arab States — 0.072 14.7 46,840 53,193 48.9 0.018 6.5 9.2 25.7 34.6 39.7 25.9 5.8
East Asia and the Pacific — 0.021 5.0 100,687 104,097 42.4 0.008 0.9 14.2 28.4 36.0 35.7 3.6 0.6
Europe and Central Asia — 0.004 1.2 1,692 1,758 37.1 0.003 0.1 2.6 66.7 16.5 16.8 12.0 1.4
Latin America and the Caribbean — 0.025 5.8 32,683 34,389 42.9 0.010 1.5 6.4 34.3 27.0 38.7 36.2 3.6
South Asia — 0.094 20.8 393,030 401,859 45.2 0.014 7.3 17.9 28.8 33.8 37.4 23.1 11.0
Sub-Saharan Africa — 0.254 48.4 510,259 553,451 52.5 0.021 26.9 18.2 20.2 30.4 49.3 40.9 38.6
Footnotes
a. Not all indicators were available for all countries, so caution should be used in cross-country comparisons. When an indicator is missing, weights of available indicators are adjusted to 100 percent. See Technical Note at https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/mpi2024technicalnotes.pdf and OPHI Methodological Note 58 at https://ophi.org.uk/publications/MN-58 for details. 
b. D indicates data from Demographic and Health Surveys, M indicates data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, N indicates data from national surveys and P indicates data from Pan Arab Population and Family Health Surveys (see  https://hdr.undp.org/mpi-2024-faqs and OPHI Methodological Note 58 at https://ophi.org.uk/publications/MN-58 for the list of national surveys). 
c. Missing indicator on cooking fuel.
d. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
e. Value is not reported because it is based on a small number of multidimensionally poor people.
f. Urban areas only.
g. Considers child deaths that occurred at any time because the survey did not collect the date of child deaths.
h. Revised estimate from the 2020 MPI.
i. Missing indicator on child mortality.
j. Missing indicator on nutrition.
k. Captures only deaths of children under age 5 who died in the last five years and deaths of children ages 12–18 years who died in the last two years.
l. The methodology was adjusted to account for missing indicator on nutrition and incomplete indicator on child mortality (the survey did not collect the date of child deaths).
m. Based on the version of data accessed on 7 June 2016.
n. Given the information available in the data, child mortality was constructed based on deaths that occurred between surveys- that is, between 2012 and 2014. Child deaths reported by an adult man in the household were taken into account because the date of death was reported.
o. Missing indicator on housing.
p. Revised estimate from the 2022 MPI based on the survey microdata update.
q. Child mortality data were not used because the data were collected from a sample of women ages 15-49 that was not representative of the female population in that age group.
r. Anthropometric data were collected from all children under age 5 and from selected individuals who are age 5 or older. Construction of the nutrition indicator was restricted to children under age 5 since the anthropometric sample is representative of the under 5 population.
s. Indicator on sanitation follows the national classification in which pit latrine with slab is considered unimproved.
t. Following the national report, latrines are considered an improved source for the sanitation indicator.
u. The analytical sample was restricted to the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey sample, and its sample weight was used, because child mortality information was not collected for the National Immunization coverage Survey sample.
v. Because of the high proportion of children excluded from nutrition indicators due to measurements not being taken, estimates based on the 2019 Serbia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey should be interpreted with caution. The unweighted sample size used for the multidimensional poverty calculation is 82.8 percent.
w. Missing indicator on school attendance.
x. The analytical sample was restricted to the round 2 sample because standard of living questions were not collected for the round 1 sample.
Definitions
Multidimensional Poverty Index: Proportion of the population that is multidimensionally poor adjusted by the intensity of the deprivations.
Multidimensional poverty headcount: Population with a deprivation score of at least 33.3 percent. It is expressed as a share of the population in the survey year, the number of multidimensionally poor people in the survey year and the projected number of multidimensionally poor people in 2022.
Intensity of deprivation of multidimensional poverty: Average deprivation score experienced by people in multidimensional poverty.
Inequality among the poor: Variance of individual deprivation scores of poor people. It is calculated by subtracting the deprivation score of each multidimensionally poor person from the intensity, squaring the differences and dividing the sum of the weighted squares by the number of multidimensionally poor people.
Population in severe multidimensional poverty: Percentage of the population in severe multidimensional poverty—that is, those with a deprivation score of 50 percent or more.
Population vulnerable to multidimensional poverty: Percentage of the population at risk of suffering multiple deprivations—that is, those with a deprivation score of 20–33.3 percent.
Contribution of deprivation in dimension to overall multidimensional poverty: Percentage of the Multidimensional Poverty Index attributed to deprivations in each dimension.
Population living below national poverty line: Percentage of the population living below the national poverty line, which is the poverty line deemed appropriate for a country by its authorities. National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys.
Population living below PPP $2.15 a day: Percentage of the population living below the international poverty line of $2.15 (in 2017 purchasing power parity [PPP] terms) a day.
Main data sources
Column 1: Refers to the year and the survey whose data were used to calculate the country's Multidimensional Poverty Index value and its components.
Columns 2-12: HDRO and OPHI calculations based on data on household deprivations in health, education, and standard of living from various surveys listed in column 1 using the methodology described in Technical Note (https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/mpi2024technicalnotes.pdf) and OPHI Methodological Note 58 at https://ophi.org.uk/publications/MN-58. Column 4 and 5 also uses population data from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2024. World Population Prospects: The 2024 Revision. New York. https://population.un.org/wpp/. Accessed 14 June 2024 (embargo data).
Columns 13 and 14: World Bank. (2024). World Development Indicators database. Washington, DC.  http://data.worldbank.org./ Accessed 30 May 2024.
Source

Human Development Indices: A statistical update 2025

Source:  United Nations Development Programme

The Human Development Report is a reliable source and an alternative perspective on critical issues for human development worldwide. Featuring the Human Development Index, every report presents agenda-setting data and analysis and calls international attention to issues and policy options that put people at the center of strategies to meet the challenges of development today - economic, social, political, and cultural.
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