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Gender Inequality IndexGo toSearch glossaries

Source: Human Development Indices: A statistical update 2025 | United Nations Development Programme
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SDG3.1 SDG3.7 SDG5.5 SDG4.4
Gender Inequality Index Maternal mortality ratio Adolescent birth rate Share of seats in parliament Population with at least some secondary education Labour force participation rate a
Value Rank (deaths per 100,000 live births) (births per 1,000 women ages 15 19) (% held by women) (% ages 25 and older) (% ages 15 and older)
HDI rank Country Female Male Female Male
2023 2023 2020 2023 2023 2023 b 2023 b 2023 2023
Very high human development
1 Iceland 0.024 7 3 3.4 47.6 99.9 99.6 70.5 79.3
2 Norway 0.004 2 2 1.4 46.2 95.9 98.5 62.1 69.2
2 Switzerland 0.010 4 7 1.5 37.8 98.0 98.3 62.6 72.9
4 Denmark 0.003 1 5 1.1 43.6 91.0 92.5 59.7 67.7
5 Germany 0.057 21 4 5.5 35.3 93.6 94.3 56.4 66.7
5 Sweden 0.007 3 5 1.8 46.4 94.9 94.1 64.4 70.6
7 Australia 0.056 20 3 6.7 44.5 92.3 93.5 62.8 71.7
8 Hong Kong, China (SAR) .. .. .. 1.1 .. 77.9 84.1 52.2 63.6
8 Netherlands 0.013 5 4 1.9 39.1 91.1 92.7 64.1 73.1
10 Belgium 0.031 8 5 3.7 43.5 88.3 91.0 50.7 59.5
11 Ireland 0.054 19 5 4.1 27.4 90.4 89.9 60.4 70.8
12 Finland 0.021 6 8 3.1 46.0 91.6 91.6 58.5 63.8
13 Singapore 0.031 8 7 2.2 29.1 82.9 87.8 62.6 74.9
13 United Kingdom 0.083 31 10 8.4 31.5 99.1 99.0 58.1 66.6
15 United Arab Emirates 0.040 13 9 3.1 50.0 83.4 87.0 54.5 90.8
16 Canada 0.052 18 11 4.8 35.8 96.1 96.5 61.6 69.7
17 Liechtenstein .. .. .. 1.7 28.0 .. .. 52.8 67.2
17 New Zealand 0.082 30 7 10.9 44.3 82.9 c 82.3 c 67.6 76.7
17 United States 0.169 45 21 13.1 28.2 97.9 97.8 57.3 68.1
20 Korea (Republic of) 0.038 12 8 0.5 19.1 85.0 94.2 56.1 73.4
21 Slovenia 0.042 14 5 3.5 31.5 98.3 98.9 53.8 63.2
22 Austria 0.033 10 5 3.8 42.8 98.8 98.7 56.8 66.6
23 Japan 0.059 22 4 1.7 15.7 98.2 d 99.1 d 54.8 71.4
24 Malta 0.111 36 3 10.4 27.8 85.0 90.4 57.2 73.2
25 Luxembourg 0.044 17 6 4.0 33.3 90.1 91.3 58.2 66.2
26 France 0.034 11 8 3.5 37.2 90.5 92.8 52.8 60.1
27 Israel 0.080 27 3 6.2 24.2 90.7 92.7 61.4 68.9
28 Spain 0.043 15 3 4.8 43.7 81.5 85.0 53.4 63.0
29 Czechia 0.088 32 3 6.0 23.8 99.0 99.4 51.8 68.5
29 Italy 0.043 15 5 2.9 33.6 79.8 86.2 41.5 58.8
29 San Marino .. .. .. 1.2 33.3 87.2 88.3 70.4 70.6
32 Andorra .. .. .. 3.5 50.0 81.7 84.6 .. ..
32 Cyprus 0.252 64 68 7.0 14.3 84.1 87.8 60.9 70.3
34 Greece 0.103 34 8 7.0 23.0 73.8 80.4 44.8 60.0
35 Poland 0.081 29 2 6.2 27.5 87.5 c 91.4 c 52.0 66.3
36 Estonia 0.061 23 5 5.0 28.7 98.7 98.7 62.0 71.6
37 Saudi Arabia 0.228 61 16 11.1 19.9 75.7 81.5 34.6 83.6
38 Bahrain 0.165 44 16 7.5 22.5 88.6 79.9 41.5 85.1
39 Lithuania 0.070 24 9 5.9 28.4 96.9 98.1 58.5 68.5
40 Portugal 0.076 26 12 7.0 36.1 64.1 65.4 55.6 63.9
41 Croatia 0.074 25 5 6.6 31.8 93.5 97.5 47.3 57.6
41 Latvia 0.117 38 18 7.6 32.0 97.2 98.8 55.7 67.9
43 Qatar 0.195 52 8 5.7 4.4 86.7 70.2 61.7 95.3
44 Slovakia 0.176 48 5 24.6 22.0 99.1 99.2 56.3 67.3
45 Chile 0.102 33 15 6.5 32.7 86.0 88.5 52.0 71.4
46 Hungary 0.213 54 15 17.5 14.1 98.3 99.1 54.5 68.4
47 Argentina 0.264 70 45 26.4 43.8 74.3 e 72.2 e 53.2 72.2
48 Montenegro 0.121 40 6 9.4 21.0 90.1 96.2 52.2 66.1
48 Uruguay 0.218 56 19 26.2 26.9 63.2 59.3 56.5 73.4
50 Oman 0.222 57 17 6.0 10.2 93.3 98.7 39.9 86.5
51 T rkiye 0.227 59 17 12.1 19.8 62.0 c 80.4 c 35.8 71.2
52 Kuwait 0.188 51 7 1.6 3.1 62.7 c 57.8 c 47.3 85.9
53 Antigua and Barbuda 0.240 63 21 32.9 22.9 88.0 76.6 69.6 76.0
54 Seychelles .. .. 3 54.5 22.9 .. .. 61.3 65.5
55 Bulgaria 0.208 53 7 39.1 24.2 95.7 97.1 49.8 62.2
55 Romania 0.227 59 10 33.8 18.9 91.0 95.0 41.9 61.9
57 Georgia 0.257 66 28 21.1 18.4 98.2 98.7 53.7 69.6
58 Saint Kitts and Nevis .. .. .. 35.2 31.3 .. .. .. ..
59 Panama 0.374 94 50 57.3 22.9 67.7 65.3 50.4 74.3
60 Brunei Darussalam 0.257 66 44 8.5 11.8 86.0 88.8 54.4 72.3
60 Kazakhstan 0.182 50 13 18.2 19.6 100.0 c 100.0 c 63.3 74.6
62 Costa Rica 0.217 55 22 26.3 47.4 52.1 52.9 43.9 69.7
62 Serbia 0.117 38 10 13.7 34.8 91.2 c 96.8 c 51.5 65.5
64 Russian Federation 0.169 45 14 13.0 17.8 99.3 99.1 56.2 70.5
65 Belarus 0.080 27 1 8.6 34.7 99.3 c 99.9 c 65.3 74.9
66 Bahamas 0.325 81 77 24.6 20.0 96.2 97.7 98.7 96.8
67 Malaysia 0.172 47 21 6.0 14.7 79.0 82.1 55.8 81.9
68 North Macedonia 0.112 37 3 13.0 42.5 68.3 76.2 42.5 61.5
69 Armenia 0.180 49 27 13.4 35.5 99.1 99.3 61.6 76.8
69 Barbados 0.297 76 39 45.3 32.7 95.9 e 86.4 e 54.9 62.7
71 Albania 0.107 35 8 12.8 35.7 90.5 93.9 57.8 70.9
72 Trinidad and Tobago 0.262 69 27 36.0 33.8 73.0 70.7 46.7 64.2
73 Mauritius 0.352 87 84 19.8 20.0 60.4 71.3 46.9 69.7
74 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.157 43 6 11.2 17.5 86.2 96.2 42.2 62.1
High human development
75 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.482 123 22 26.2 5.6 59.1 69.5 13.6 67.5
76 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines .. .. 62 42.3 18.2 46.3 f 41.5 f .. ..
76 Thailand 0.288 73 29 26.1 16.0 51.9 56.7 60.6 76.6
78 China 0.132 41 23 5.2 26.5 68.3 c 77.9 c 54.6 75.6
79 Peru 0.340 83 69 43.6 38.8 65.9 73.9 65.1 80.5
80 Grenada 0.226 58 21 29.1 31.0 55.4 d 50.8 d 49.1 63.3
81 Azerbaijan 0.315 80 41 34.8 18.6 98.0 98.4 61.9 69.6
81 Mexico 0.358 88 59 60.1 50.1 65.3 67.0 46.2 76.4
83 Colombia 0.393 98 75 59.5 29.4 62.2 59.8 52.0 76.5
84 Brazil 0.390 96 72 42.7 17.7 70.0 67.6 53.1 73.1
84 Palau .. .. .. 29.9 6.9 96.2 c 92.9 c 60.5 73.7
86 Moldova (Republic of) 0.146 42 12 23.0 38.6 98.0 98.7 70.1 71.7
87 Ukraine .. .. 17 11.4 20.4 .. .. 47.4 62.3
88 Ecuador 0.358 88 66 55.5 43.1 54.2 54.3 52.9 77.3
89 Dominican Republic 0.417 106 107 52.8 25.7 62.3 58.7 52.8 76.9
89 Guyana 0.427 109 112 69.9 36.6 59.4 e 57.7 e 39.7 61.8
89 Sri Lanka 0.367 93 29 15.1 5.3 81.1 83.1 32.0 70.5
92 Tonga 0.444 115 126 24.8 7.1 94.2 94.1 53.3 71.4
93 Maldives 0.309 79 57 5.4 4.6 48.6 e 47.7 e 55.4 78.8
93 Viet Nam 0.299 78 46 34.3 30.3 61.5 70.0 67.9 76.7
95 Turkmenistan .. .. 5 21.2 25.6 98.1 c 98.3 c .. ..
96 Algeria 0.443 114 78 8.7 6.8 47.0 c 51.3 c 17.6 65.5
97 Cuba 0.296 75 39 48.7 55.7 78.5 c 81.6 c 57.3 84.7
98 Dominica .. .. .. 34.1 37.5 57.9 64.9 .. ..
99 Paraguay 0.412 104 71 70.3 23.2 57.5 56.9 59.2 82.8
100 Egypt 0.398 101 17 41.8 22.9 62.5 e 70.2 e 15.0 69.2
100 Jordan 0.433 111 41 18.4 13.3 73.8 85.8 13.8 60.5
102 Lebanon 0.360 91 21 20.8 6.3 64.1 g 65.9 g 30.5 70.3
103 Saint Lucia 0.327 82 73 27.8 24.1 50.2 c 44.2 c 62.7 75.8
104 Mongolia 0.284 72 39 19.7 17.1 94.2 92.7 52.8 68.9
105 Tunisia 0.238 62 37 4.3 16.2 38.9 45.5 26.7 64.9
106 South Africa 0.388 95 127 51.6 45.7 h 77.0 78.7 49.0 61.4
107 Uzbekistan 0.291 74 30 34.1 30.0 100.0 100.0 43.6 72.0
108 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.419 107 161 64.8 48.2 57.4 67.8 72.6 84.5
108 Gabon 0.505 135 227 91.7 23.8 71.6 56.9 39.7 57.4
108 Marshall Islands .. .. .. 71.8 12.1 96.3 c 97.1 c 42.7 60.8
111 Botswana 0.490 127 186 53.8 11.1 71.4 72.6 63.1 73.1
111 Fiji 0.350 85 38 21.2 10.9 87.9 i 86.7 i 38.4 75.8
113 Indonesia 0.423 108 173 26.4 21.6 53.5 59.9 53.4 82.2
114 Suriname 0.391 97 96 48.0 29.4 45.5 j 42.3 j 47.8 66.8
115 Belize 0.428 110 130 55.2 23.9 57.5 c 52.0 c 65.4 84.9
115 Libya 0.253 65 72 5.9 16.5 62.2 k 45.3 k 33.2 60.3
117 Jamaica 0.358 88 99 36.5 31.0 79.8 74.3 60.6 72.4
117 Kyrgyzstan 0.340 83 50 28.3 20.0 91.2 c 93.6 c 45.9 74.7
117 Philippines 0.351 86 78 31.9 27.5 63.6 60.0 50.2 72.5
120 Morocco 0.438 113 72 25.1 21.4 33.0 38.8 19.8 69.6
121 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.512 137 259 73.3 22.2 l 77.0 e 72.4 e 47.2 71.8
122 Samoa 0.416 105 59 43.5 13.0 94.4 90.0 31.4 56.6
123 Nicaragua 0.408 103 78 93.5 51.6 60.5 63.1 51.2 82.3
124 Nauru .. .. .. 76.2 10.5 .. .. 56.9 72.7
Medium human development
125 Bhutan 0.278 71 60 9.4 15.5 26.7 k 34.3 k 56.8 72.4
126 Eswatini (Kingdom of) 0.484 124 240 68.7 25.0 45.8 53.0 47.1 52.3
126 Iraq 0.558 148 76 58.0 29.1 24.5 39.8 10.7 67.2
128 Tajikistan 0.258 68 17 40.4 26.6 93.7 m 93.6 e 34.4 52.7
129 Tuvalu .. .. .. 27.5 6.3 61.1 c 60.6 c 35.2 52.4
130 Bangladesh 0.487 125 123 73.2 20.9 43.2 48.0 43.4 80.8
130 India 0.403 102 103 14.1 14.8 43.5 61.1 35.1 76.4
132 El Salvador 0.362 92 43 54.2 27.4 46.4 52.8 48.8 78.1
133 Equatorial Guinea .. .. 212 150.4 27.0 .. .. .. ..
133 Palestine, State of .. .. 20 36.0 .. 70.6 68.3 18.6 70.7
135 Cabo Verde 0.298 77 42 38.8 41.7 30.2 f 34.8 f 44.9 61.9
136 Namibia 0.448 116 215 66.0 35.6 73.3 c 70.7 c 55.3 60.7
137 Guatemala 0.480 121 96 68.3 20.0 29.9 35.9 39.7 82.2
138 Congo 0.565 151 282 109.9 20.2 32.5 e 50.6 e 44.6 65.0
139 Honduras 0.437 112 72 82.1 27.3 30.0 28.6 40.3 75.4
140 Kiribati .. .. 76 44.0 6.7 .. .. 43.0 54.8
141 Sao Tome and Principe 0.492 130 146 86.2 14.5 42.6 n 52.5 n 25.7 25.9
142 Timor-Leste 0.394 99 204 27.4 36.9 35.3 40.9 40.9 52.5
143 Ghana 0.514 138 263 58.2 14.5 45.6 65.1 62.1 65.5
143 Kenya 0.526 143 530 56.3 24.6 60.5 70.1 62.8 72.4
145 Nepal 0.487 125 174 67.2 33.2 26.6 43.2 33.1 56.1
146 Vanuatu 0.556 147 94 66.2 1.9 46.6 c 48.2 c 43.1 48.8
147 Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.475 117 126 81.7 22.0 19.3 e 31.0 e 61.5 70.8
148 Angola 0.515 139 222 140.8 39.1 29.0 52.3 75.6 78.7
149 Micronesia (Federated States of) .. .. 74 43.7 14.3 .. .. 48.6 68.1
150 Myanmar 0.478 118 179 33.5 15.0 l 38.5 g 47.8 g 43.6 76.7
151 Cambodia 0.506 136 218 46.9 14.4 16.4 29.0 70.5 83.8
152 Comoros 0.501 132 217 55.2 16.7 27.3 36.3 49.3 64.5
153 Zimbabwe 0.519 140 357 98.1 34.0 88.8 92.9 62.1 74.4
154 Zambia 0.524 141 135 115.9 15.0 35.5 e 52.9 e 56.4 67.8
155 Cameroon 0.558 148 438 106.7 32.9 25.0 e 39.4 e 56.3 74.0
156 Solomon Islands 0.478 118 122 50.4 8.0 38.2 o 47.8 o 87.1 87.7
157 C te d'Ivoire 0.589 159 480 92.1 16.8 20.0 32.7 59.6 75.5
157 Uganda 0.524 141 284 107.0 33.8 24.6 c 40.4 c 74.5 85.8
159 Rwanda 0.394 99 259 30.8 54.7 20.5 24.5 58.1 69.9
160 Papua New Guinea 0.584 156 192 54.1 2.7 27.4 41.3 50.7 53.3
161 Togo 0.564 150 399 77.1 19.8 14.3 c 33.3 c 69.1 72.7
162 Syrian Arab Republic 0.490 127 30 38.9 10.8 24.1 k 32.0 k 14.7 69.8
163 Mauritania 0.603 161 464 88.9 23.3 16.7 e 27.9 e 31.6 66.6
164 Nigeria 0.677 171 1,047 86.4 3.6 42.4 57.8 80.7 84.5
165 Tanzania (United Republic of) 0.504 134 238 113.2 37.4 12.6 18.3 74.9 84.0
166 Haiti 0.618 165 350 49.8 2.7 p 27.0 i 36.0 i 50.1 65.6
167 Lesotho 0.534 144 566 70.6 26.0 35.3 c 30.6 c 53.6 63.9
Low human development
168 Pakistan 0.536 145 154 41.1 20.1 27.8 48.4 25.0 81.1
169 Senegal 0.490 127 261 60.2 46.1 15.4 24.8 39.2 68.7
170 Gambia 0.578 154 458 58.1 8.6 35.5 49.5 45.4 50.1
171 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 0.604 162 547 106.9 14.8 40.8 c 66.7 c 59.7 66.0
172 Malawi 0.581 155 381 113.6 20.7 13.4 e 26.9 e 63.8 74.9
173 Benin 0.573 153 523 77.8 26.6 7.2 21.0 74.7 78.0
174 Guinea-Bissau 0.632 166 725 82.0 9.8 27.3 50.6 60.1 70.2
175 Djibouti 0.481 122 234 19.0 26.2 16.7 f 34.1 f 19.0 48.4
176 Sudan 0.588 158 270 66.1 31.0 q 22.5 26.9 14.4 61.9
177 Liberia 0.646 167 652 126.0 10.7 24.0 c 46.5 c 46.0 52.8
178 Eritrea .. .. 322 65.2 22.0 p .. .. .. ..
179 Guinea 0.609 163 553 118.6 29.6 8.1 c 21.1 c 47.0 68.2
180 Ethiopia 0.497 131 267 69.9 38.8 7.4 c 12.7 c 55.6 78.1
181 Afghanistan 0.661 168 620 64.1 27.2 l 7.0 24.1 24.5 88.6
182 Mozambique 0.479 120 127 153.5 43.2 13.2 23.7 76.6 82.4
183 Madagascar 0.584 156 392 129.8 17.2 15.9 21.2 68.9 81.6
184 Yemen 0.838 172 183 75.3 0.3 20.7 47.2 5.9 65.7
185 Sierra Leone 0.566 152 443 93.6 28.2 14.7 c 34.4 c 50.2 56.3
186 Burkina Faso 0.555 146 264 87.1 16.9 7.3 13.0 41.8 54.5
187 Burundi 0.501 132 494 53.4 38.9 8.6 c 14.5 c 77.7 79.3
188 Mali 0.612 164 440 138.6 28.6 8.2 c 16.4 c 41.9 77.7
188 Niger 0.591 160 441 145.3 25.9 r 6.1 11.5 73.4 87.3
190 Chad 0.670 169 1,063 134.7 25.9 3.7 g 15.1 g 52.4 76.8
191 Central African Republic .. .. 835 163.1 12.9 14.6 32.0 .. ..
192 Somalia 0.675 170 621 117.1 20.7 4.4 17.8 22.2 49.5
193 South Sudan .. .. 1,223 97.1 32.3 26.5 s 36.4 s .. ..
Other countries or territories
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of) .. .. 107 0.5 17.6 84.1 93.7 .. ..
Monaco .. .. .. 9.7 45.8 .. .. 39.9 56.9
Human development groups
Very high human development 0.125 14 10.1 30.2 90.8 92.7 54.1 69.3
High human development 0.334 67 25.5 25.6 65.7 72.2 50.4 74.8
Medium human development 0.513 291 44.8 22.5 41.1 56.5 43.4 76.6
Low human development 0.571 369 81.5 25.3 19.8 34.9 41.7 75.1
Developing countries 0.478 236 42.9 24.6 53.9 64.2 46.9 75.5
Regions
Arab States 0.539 133 44.2 17.8 45.8 56.9 18.4 69.8
East Asia and the Pacific 0.315 78 15.5 21.7 64.6 73.2 55.0 76.4
Europe and Central Asia 0.226 21 19.5 26.0 82.3 90.3 45.7 69.3
Latin America and the Caribbean 0.384 85 51.4 34.2 66.2 66.1 51.8 75.1
South Asia 0.458 132 26.1 17.9 42.5 58.9 33.5 76.7
Sub-Saharan Africa 0.558 509 94.2 27.3 32.1 43.8 64.3 75.6
Least developed countries 0.552 352 90.6 25.6 24.3 35.2 51.0 75.0
Small island developing states 0.451 203 46.9 26.2 57.8 61.9 54.1 71.0
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 0.192 22 17.5 33.1 88.0 90.6 53.5 68.7
World 0.455 216 39.1 26.5 62.0 70.2 48.5 74.1
Notes
a. Updated by HDRO based on data from International Labour Organization (2024).
b. Data refer to 2023 or the most recent year available.
c. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2024).
d. Refers to 2020 based on UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2024).
e. Updated by HDRO based on data from Barro and Lee (2018) and UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2024).
f. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2024) and estimates using cross-country regression.
g. Refers to 2019 based on UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2024).
h. Excludes the 36 special rotating delegates appointed on an ad hoc basis.
i. Refers to 2017 based on UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2024).
j. Refers to 2018 based on UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2024).
k. HDRO estimate based on data from Robert Barro and Jong-Wha Lee, ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.
l. Refers to 2021.
m. HDRO estimate based on data from Barro and Lee (2018), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2024) and UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.
n. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2024) and UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for various years.
o. Refers to 2013 based on UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2024).
p. Refers to 2019.
q. Refers to 2018.
r. Refers to 2022.
s. Refers to 2008 based on UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2024).
Definitions
Gender Inequality Index: A composite measure reflecting inequality in achievement between women and men in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market. See Technical note 4 at https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2025_HDR/hdr2025_technical_notes.pdf for details on how the Gender Inequality Index is calculated.
Maternal mortality ratio: Number of deaths due to pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births.
Adolescent birth rate: Number of births to women ages 15 19 per 1,000 women ages 15 19.
Share of seats in parliament: Proportion of seats held by women in the national parliament expressed as a percentage of total seats. For countries with a bicameral legislative system, the share of seats is calculated based on both houses.
Population with at least some secondary education: Percentage of the population ages 25 and older that has reached (but not necessarily completed) a secondary level of education.
Labour force participation rate: Proportion of the working-age population (ages 15 and older) that engages in the labour market, either by working or actively looking for work, expressed as a percentage of the working-age population.
Main data sources
Column 1: HDRO calculations based on data in columns 3-9.
Column 2: Calculated based on data in column 1.
Column 3: WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNDESA/Population Division 2023.
Column 4: UNDESA 2024a
Column 5: IPU 2024.
Columns 6 and 7: Barro and Lee 2018, UNESCO Institute for Statistics 2024 and UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.
Columns 8 and 9: ILO 2024.
Source

Human Development Indices: A statistical update 2025

Source:  United Nations Development Programme

The Human Development Report is a reliable source and an alternative perspective on critical issues for human development worldwide. Featuring the Human Development Index, every report presents agenda-setting data and analysis and calls international attention to issues and policy options that put people at the center of strategies to meet the challenges of development today - economic, social, political, and cultural.
Last update in UNdata: 2025/07/18
Next update in UNdata: 2026/12/01
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