| Economic indicators |
| Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) |
2007 |
141177 |
|
| Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) |
2005 |
86142 |
|
| Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) |
2000 |
31262 |
|
| Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) |
2007 |
7.6 |
|
| Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) |
2005 |
2.7 |
|
| Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) |
2000 |
5.9 |
|
| GDP per capita (current US$) |
2007 |
3055.4 |
|
| GDP per capita (current US$) |
2005 |
1836.0 |
|
| GDP per capita (current US$) |
2000 |
639.9 |
|
| Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) |
2007 |
3017.4 |
|
| Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) |
2005 |
1815.1 |
|
| Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) |
2000 |
620.6 |
|
| Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) |
2007 |
27.4 |
|
| Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) |
2005 |
22.0 |
|
| Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) |
2000 |
19.7 |
|
| Exchange rate (national currency per US$) |
2007 |
5.05 |
Official rate. |
| Exchange rate (national currency per US$) |
2005 |
5.12 |
Official rate. |
| Exchange rate (national currency per US$) |
2000 |
5.44 |
Official rate. |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) |
2007 |
–5927 |
|
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) |
2005 |
2531 |
|
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) |
2000 |
1481 |
|
| Consumer price index (2000=100) |
2007 |
181 |
|
| Consumer price index (2000=100) |
2005 |
147 |
|
| Consumer price index (2000=100) |
2000 |
100 |
|
| Industrial production index (2000=100) |
2007 |
187 |
|
| Industrial production index (2000=100) |
2005 |
161 |
|
| Industrial production index (2000=100) |
2000 |
100 |
|
| Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) |
2007 |
... |
|
| Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) |
2005 |
118 |
|
| Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) |
2000 |
100 |
|
| Food production index (1999-2001=100) |
2007 |
... |
|
| Food production index (1999-2001=100) |
2005 |
118 |
|
| Food production index (1999-2001=100) |
2000 |
100 |
|
| Unemployment (% of labour force) |
2007 |
6.4 |
Age group 15 to 70 years. |
| Unemployment (% of labour force) |
2005 |
7.2 |
Age group 15 to 70 years. |
| Unemployment (% of labour force) |
2000 |
11.6 |
Age group 15 to 70 years. |
| Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) |
2007 |
23.9 |
Age group not specified. |
| Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) |
2005 |
24.2 |
Age group not specified. |
| Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) |
2000 |
20.8 |
Age group not specified. Excludes self-employed workers. |
| Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) |
2007 |
16.7 |
Age group not specified. |
| Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) |
2005 |
19.4 |
Age group not specified. |
| Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) |
2000 |
23.4 |
Age group not specified. Excludes self-employed workers. |
| Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) |
2007 |
52.8 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) |
2005 |
51.7 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) |
2000 |
50.5 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) |
2007 |
64.8 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) |
2005 |
65.0 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) |
2000 |
64.0 |
|
| Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) |
2007 |
18900 |
2006. |
| Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) |
2005 |
17631 |
|
| Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) |
2000 |
6431 |
|
| Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) |
2007 |
65053 |
2006. |
| Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) |
2005 |
63791 |
|
| Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) |
2000 |
60326 |
|
| Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) |
2007 |
147.4 |
|
| Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) |
2005 |
89.7 |
|
| Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) |
2000 |
22.9 |
|
| Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) |
2007 |
21.6 |
|
| Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) |
2005 |
17.2 |
|
| Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) |
2000 |
0.7 |
|
| Exports (million US$) |
2007 |
49294.4 |
|
| Imports (million US$) |
2007 |
60600.6 |
|
| Major trading partners (% of exports) |
2007 |
Russian Federation (25.7), Turkey (7.4), Italy (5. |
|
| Major trading partners (% of imports) |
2007 |
Russian Federation (27.8), Germany (9.6), Turkmeni |
|
| Social indicators |
| Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) |
|
–0.8 |
|
| Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) |
|
13.4 |
|
| Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) |
|
28.0/17.2 |
|
| Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) |
|
85.4 |
|
| Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) |
|
73.8/62.1 |
|
| Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) |
|
12.8 |
|
| Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) |
|
1.2 |
|
| Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) |
|
67.5 |
1999. |
| Urban population in 2007 (%) |
|
67.9 |
|
| Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) |
|
–0.7 |
|
| Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) |
|
–1.0 |
|
| International migrant stock (% of total population) |
|
11.6 |
|
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR |
|
67283 |
|
| Government education expenditure (% of GDP) |
|
6.3 |
|
| Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) |
|
95.3/96.6 |
National estimate. |
| Third-level students (women and men, % of total) |
|
54.2/45.8 |
National estimate. |
| Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) |
|
131.0 |
|
| Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) |
|
6.2/15.6 |
|
| Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) |
|
8.2/91.8 |
|
