| Economic indicators |
| Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) |
2007 |
9177 |
|
| Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) |
2005 |
4901 |
|
| Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) |
2000 |
1912 |
|
| Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) |
2007 |
11.1 |
|
| Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) |
2005 |
14.0 |
|
| Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) |
2000 |
5.9 |
|
| GDP per capita (current US$) |
2007 |
3056.8 |
|
| GDP per capita (current US$) |
2005 |
1623.9 |
|
| GDP per capita (current US$) |
2000 |
620.2 |
|
| Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) |
2007 |
2957.0 |
|
| Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) |
2005 |
1570.9 |
|
| Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) |
2000 |
612.6 |
|
| Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) |
2007 |
34.2 |
|
| Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) |
2005 |
29.8 |
|
| Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) |
2000 |
18.4 |
|
| Exchange rate (national currency per US$) |
2007 |
342.08 |
Official rate. |
| Exchange rate (national currency per US$) |
2005 |
457.69 |
Official rate. |
| Exchange rate (national currency per US$) |
2000 |
539.53 |
Official rate. |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) |
2007 |
–571 |
|
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) |
2005 |
–52 |
|
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) |
2000 |
–278 |
|
| Consumer price index (2000=100) |
2007 |
126 |
|
| Consumer price index (2000=100) |
2005 |
117 |
Series linked to former series. |
| Consumer price index (2000=100) |
2000 |
100 |
|
| Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) |
2007 |
... |
|
| Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) |
2005 |
123 |
|
| Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) |
2000 |
97 |
|
| Food production index (1999-2001=100) |
2007 |
... |
|
| Food production index (1999-2001=100) |
2005 |
124 |
|
| Food production index (1999-2001=100) |
2000 |
96 |
|
| Unemployment (% of labour force) |
2007 |
7.1 |
Official estimates. Age group 16 to 63 years. |
| Unemployment (% of labour force) |
2005 |
8.2 |
Official estimates. Age group 16 to 63 years. |
| Unemployment (% of labour force) |
2000 |
11.7 |
Official estimates. Age group 16 to 63 years. |
| Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) |
2007 |
15.6 |
Age group not specified. 2006. |
| Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) |
2005 |
15.9 |
Age group not specified. |
| Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) |
2000 |
23.1 |
2001. |
| Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) |
2007 |
46.2 |
Age group not specified. 2006. |
| Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) |
2005 |
46.2 |
Age group not specified. |
| Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) |
2000 |
5.4 |
2001. |
| Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) |
2007 |
55.7 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) |
2005 |
55.0 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) |
2000 |
54.9 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) |
2007 |
67.5 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) |
2005 |
66.6 |
|
| Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) |
2000 |
66.5 |
|
| Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) |
2007 |
381 |
2006. |
| Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) |
2005 |
319 |
|
| Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) |
2000 |
45 |
|
| Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) |
2007 |
393 |
2006. |
| Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) |
2005 |
386 |
|
| Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) |
2000 |
281 |
|
| Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) |
2007 |
... |
|
| Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) |
2005 |
30.3 |
|
| Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) |
2000 |
17.9 |
|
| Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) |
2007 |
5.7 |
2006. |
| Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) |
2005 |
5.3 |
|
| Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) |
2000 |
1.3 |
|
| Exports (million US$) |
2007 |
1121.2 |
|
| Imports (million US$) |
2007 |
3052.6 |
|
| Major trading partners (% of exports) |
2007 |
Russian Federation (17.7), Germany (15.0), Netherl |
|
| Major trading partners (% of imports) |
2007 |
Russian Federation (15.8), Ukraine (8.2), Kazakhst |
|
| Social indicators |
| Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) |
|
–0.2 |
|
| Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) |
|
18.3 |
|
| Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) |
|
18.5/13.8 |
|
| Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) |
|
86.9 |
|
| Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) |
|
75.1/68.4 |
|
| Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) |
|
28.9 |
|
| Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) |
|
1.4 |
|
| Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) |
|
53.1 |
|
| Urban population in 2007 (%) |
|
63.8 |
|
| Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) |
|
–0.3 |
|
| Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) |
|
–< |
|
| International migrant stock (% of total population) |
|
10.5 |
|
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR |
|
4664 |
|
| Government education expenditure (% of GDP) |
|
3.2 |
|
| Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) |
|
93.2/89.8 |
|
| Third-level students (women and men, % of total) |
|
54.5/45.5 |
|
| Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) |
|
7.6 |
|
| Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) |
|
0.5/3.3 |
Rate based on 30 or fewer events. |
| Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) |
|
8.4/91.6 |
|
